Cancer Quick Facts

Stress Wasn’t ‘Discovered’ Until The 1930s

Described as the man who “father of stress research,” Hans Seyle took the word stress out of the sphere of physics & applied it medicinally. Seyle, an Austrian-born endocrinologist, noticed patients  experiencing symptoms and signs unrelated to their diagnoses as early as the 1920s. 

Seyle began inflicting stress upon rats and found “almost universally these rats showed a particular set of signs”, according to medical historian Mark Jackson.

His research led him to believe that, 

Subjecting an animal to prolonged stress led to tissue changes and physiological changes with the release of certain hormones, that would then cause disease and ultimately the death of the animal.

Seyle called the effects of chronic stress “general adaptation syndrome” and worked tirelessly to promote his theory of stress. 

In 1936, Hans Selye wrote a groundbreaking paper in the journal Nature about stress’s effect. He described the concept of general adaptation syndrome, which is now an integral part of our lives. Selye is known as the “Einstein of Medicine” and his work on stress research has been influential 12345.

We hear the word “stress” all the time, but where did it come from?

KEY POINTS
The term “stress” emerged out of the field of engineering to describe the actual physical strain put on a structure, but has now been broadened.
Selye (1936) discovered that after a rat was exposed to a stressor, a typical “syndrome” appeared which was not related to the physical damage.
The stress response proposed by Selye (1976) suggested that three interdependent elements accompanied any specific stressor.

The notion of “stress” is ingrained in both academic and public discourse, creating a popular phenomenological term that is rarely defined. As accurately noted by Selye (1976), the founder of the term as we know it today, “everybody knows what stress is and nobody knows what it is” (p. 692).

The term “stress” emerged out of the field of engineering to describe the actual physical strain put on a structure. In the mid-1930s, however, the paper “A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents” was published in Nature (Selye, 1936), which discussed experiments on rats who were given “acute non-specific nocuous agents,” or, “stressors,” which included exposure to cold, surgical injury, spinal shock, excessive muscular exercise, or sub-lethal drug administration.

Selye’s discovery
In his investigation, Selye (1936) discovered that after a rat was exposed to a stressor, a typical “syndrome” appeared which was not related to the physical damage done by the stressor. Selye noted that regardless of the type of stressor to which the rats were exposed, two stages emerged after exposure:

In the first stage, 6-48 hours after the initial injury, amongst a myriad of symptoms, rats experienced a notable decrease in size of the thymus (the organ responsible for producing T cells, critical to immunity strategies).

In the second stage, beginning at 48 hours after the initial injury, it seemed the brain structures responsible for the production of the organism’s growth ceased to function in favor of other structures which would be more greatly needed, economizing the body’s resources. Selye’s work would be seminal in exploring the biomarkers of stress and provide a catalyst for stress research in general.

Emerging from this study, the stress response proposed by Selye (1976) suggested that three interdependent elements accompanied any specific stressor. These were: hypertrophy in the adrenal cortex (essentially an enlargement in the structure of the brain which stimulates androgen glucocorticoid production), atrophy in the lymphatic system (responsible for the defense of the immune system), and gastrointestinal ulcers.

The GAS model
In noting the abundant health issues derived from “stress,” Selye (1976; 1980) developed the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model, which suggested that the odd behavioral and physiological reactions to stress are caused by disrupting homeostasis, the body’s natural balance. The GAS model accounts for three distinct phases that activate when one is under stress: the alarm reaction (made up of the “shock” and “anti-shock” phase), resistance stage, and exhaustion stage.

Within homeostasis, the body adapts to minor stressors, however when a stressor exceeds the amount of adaptation given in homeostasis, the body enters into the shock phase of the first stage, alarm, where cells in the hypothalamus begin to activate, the sympathetic nervous system (which regulates the body’s “sympathico- adrenal system,” otherwise known as the “fight or flight” response) is suppressed.

However, in the “anti-shock” phase, when the stressor persists, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, and the “fight or flight” reaction occurs in an attempt to best mobilize the body’s resources in case of danger. This occurs through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalcortical (HPA) axis.

In 1936, Hans Selye published a pivotal paper titled “A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents” in Nature. This work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of stress. Selye’s experiments on rats revealed that exposure to various stressors—like cold, surgery, or drugs—triggered a consistent physiological response, which he termed the “General Adaptation Syndrome” (GAS). This model described three stages of stress response: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion2.

His findings were groundbreaking because they demonstrated that stress could have profound effects on health, beyond just emotional strain. Selye’s work eventually earned him the title “the father of stress research”1.

1brainimmune.com  2www.stress.org  3time.com

Does this align with what you were curious about, or would you like to dive deeper into his theories?

Hans Selye’s pioneering work on stress has had profound implications across various fields. Here are some modern applications:

1. Healthcare and Medicine: Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model is used to understand how chronic stress contributes to diseases like cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions. Stress management techniques, such as mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are rooted in his research2.
2. Psychology and Mental Health: His distinction between eustress (positive stress) and distress (negative stress) informs therapeutic approaches to help individuals harness stress for motivation while mitigating harmful effects3.
3. Workplace and Organizational Management: Stress research has shaped workplace policies, emphasizing the importance of work-life balance, employee wellness programs, and stress-reduction strategies.
4. Education and Training: Selye’s insights are applied in educational settings to help students manage academic stress and optimize performance.
5. Sports and Performance: Athletes use stress management techniques to enhance focus and resilience during competitions.

1neurolaunch.com 2library.oapen.org 3www.jstor.org

Selye’s legacy continues to influence how we approach stress in daily life and specialized fields. Which of these applications resonates most with you?

Stress: Eight Decades after Its Definition by Hans Selye: “Stress Is the Spice of Life” – PMC

Stress History: Meet the Doctor Who Invented Being Stressed | TIME

Hans Selye (1907–1982): Founder of the stress theory – PMC

The first scientific publication on ‘general adaptation syndrome’, or as we know today ‘biologic stress’ , was published in Nature in 1936 by the 29-year old Hans Selye. His results in that short publication that contained no references or illustrations, were based on experiments in rats that were exposed to severe insults/ stressors, but his idea about a ‘nonspecific bodily response’ originated from his observations of sick patients whom he had seen as a medical student and young clinician. 

Autopsy of stressed rats revealed three major, grossly visible changes: hyperemia and enlargement of the adrenals, atrophy of the thymus and lymph nodes as well as hemorrhagic gastric erosions/ulcers (the “stress triad”). Based on this and additional observations, he concluded that the key master organ in stress reactions is the adrenal cortex (although he also accepted the limited and short lasting effect of catecholamines released from the adrenal medulla) which stimulated by an increased secretion of ACTH, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. 

He thus identified the first molecular mediators of the stress reaction, i.e., steroids released from the adrenal cortex that we call today glucocorticoids, based on his classification and naming of steroids. At the end of a very productive life in experimental medicine, Selye recognized that under both unpleasant and demanding stressors as well as positive, rewarding stimuli adrenal cortex releases the same glucocorticoids and only certain brain structures may distinguish the stimuli under distress and eustress – terms he introduced in 1974, that also contained his last definition of stress: the nonspecific response of the body on any demand on it. 

After a brief description of the history of stress research, the rest of this review is focused on one element of the stress triad, i.e., gastroduodenal ulceration, especially its pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Following a short description of acute gastroprotection, discovered by one of Selye’s students, we discuss new molecular mediators of gastroduodenal ulceration like dopamine and new drugs that either only heal (very potently, on molar basis) or prevent and heal ulcers like sucralfate derivatives and the relatively new peptide BPC-157. 

We conclude that despite the extensive and multidisciplinary research on stress during the last 80 years, a lot of basic and clinical research is needed to better understand the manifestations, central and peripheral molecular regulators of stress response, especially the modes of prevention/management of distress or its transformation into eustress and the treatment of stress-related diseases.

Keywords: BPC-157; MPTP; Parkinson’s disease; Stress; angiogenic growth factors; cysteamine; distress; dopamine; eustress; gastric and duodenal ulcers; history; propionitrile; stress triad; sucralfate.

In 1936, according to Time, Seyle wrote a ground-breaking paper about stress’s effect – Search Videos

Stressful Facts About Stress,

Ranked By How Much They Stress You Out.

Stress, it’s something nearly everyone experiences. Daily life happenings with work, family, money, and everything in between are often stressful, as are major life events – whether they’re good or bad. People hear a lot about how stress impacts the human body but don’t always comprehend what it means. Facts about stress are mixed with opinions about it, too. Understanding stress, the research behind it, what stress side effects can be, and some of the ways it shows up in our lives is really insightful. It’s also somewhat terrifying when you realize just what stress can do. Check out these facts about stress and vote up the information that really ramps up the tension.

Stress Can Lead to Tooth Loss

Stress doesn’t force teeth out of your mouth, but it affects teeth in several ways that ultimately lead to tooth loss. Stress may cause an individual to clench their jaw or grind their teeth (day or night), which can crack, wear down, and ultimately lead to tooth loss.

Stress also causes inflammation and depletes one’s immune system, potentially leading to gum inflammation and gum disease. Canker sores, nail-biting, and acid reflux brought on by stress can also introduce bacteria or erode teeth. 

Hwang Dong-hyuk, the creator of Squid Game, indicated that stress was at the root of his tooth loss while making the show’s first season. He explained to the BBC that he lost “eight or nine” and, with his teeth aching again during filming season two, said, “I’ll probably have to pull out a few more very soon.”

Generational Trauma Contributes To Stress

Stress isn’t always the result of what’s happened yesterday, today, or may happen tomorrow. It can be influenced by the effects of traumatic events passed down through generations. 

Generational trauma may be caused by war, discrimination, violence, oppression, or some other event that ultimately results in “a genetic adaptation that can be passed on to successive generations.” Learned behaviors also exacerbate generational trauma. 

Generational trauma can then influence conditions such as reactions like anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and an “extreme reactivity to stress.” 

The Most Stressful Life Events Involve Death And Divorce

Major life changes are the most stressful experiences for humans, according to research. The death of a spouse is the most stressful life change, with divorce and marital separation as the second and third, respectively. Going to jail, the death of a loved one, and personal injury or illness also score highly on the life change index scale.

None of these life events have the same reactions by everyone who experiences them. What they have in common is that they disrupt routine, put one’s physical and mental health into flux, and exacerbate anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular and infectious diseases. 

This is why it’s possible to “die” of a broken heart, so to speak, because grief can result in chronic stress that reaches such extremes that the body can no longer handle it. 

Denying You’re Stressed Can Make You More Stressed

Denial is a natural defense mechanism and often one used to delay or avoid accepting facts or reality. Denying stress may push away unwanted emotions but this can lead to more internal strife. As a result, stress levels increase.

Author and licensed social worker Hilary Jacobs Hendel put it this way:

When the mind thwarts the flow of emotions because they are too overwhelming or too conflicting, it puts stress on the mind and the body, creating psychological distress and symptoms. Emotional stress, like that from blocked emotions, has not only been linked to mental ills, but also to physical problems like heart disease, intestinal problems, headaches, insomnia and autoimmune disorders.

You Can Lose Your Hair and Get Pimples from Stress

The effects of stress on hair vary, but hair loss manifests itself in three ways.

 Telogen effluvium is hair loss from hair follicles shutting down during a period of significant stress while trichotillomania is a compulsion to pull out one’s hair as a reaction to stress. Alopecia areata occurs when the immune system attacks hair follicles, leading hair to fall out.

The relationship between stress and gray hair wasn’t proven until 2020. That year, scientists confirmed that norepinephrine, a hormone that triggers the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, was released into hair follicles during stress. This causes hair pigment cells to release and the body only has so many to go around. When they’re gone, hair goes gray. 

As far as acne goes, stress doesn’t cause pimples directly but the body makes more androgens when stressed. This stimulates the body’s oil glands and hair follicles, often leading to breakouts. Inflammation exacerbates this and may make breakouts worse. 

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Paige Bueckers Storied Career – Search

Paige Madison Bueckers^[1] (/ˈbɛkərz/ BEH-kərz; born October 20, 2001) is an American college basketball player for the UConn Huskies of the Big East Conference.

Nicknamed “Paige Buckets“, Bueckers attended Hopkins High School in Minnetonka, Minnesota and was ranked as the number one recruit in her class by ESPN, receiving   national high school player of the year honors. In her first season at UConn, Bueckers became the first freshman to be named national women’s player of the year and helped her team reach the Final Four. 

She missed most of her sophomore season and her entire junior season with knee injuries but led UConn to the 2022 national title game. Bueckers helped the Huskies return to the Final Four as a redshirt junior, before winning her first national championship and receiving the Wade Trophy as a senior. 

She was a three-time unanimous first-team All-American in college and has the highest scoring average in UConn history (19.9). Bueckers has won three gold medals with the United States at the youth international level, including at the 2019 FIBA Under-19 World Cup, where she was named Most Valuable Player. She was a Youth Olympic gold medalist in 3×3 basketball and has played for the senior national 3×3 team. Bueckers was recognized as USA Basketball Female Athlete of the Year in 2019.

Early life and career

Bueckers was born on October 20, 2001, in Edina, Minnesota,^[2][3] and grew up in neighboring St. Louis Park.^[4] She started playing basketball at age five.^[4][3] As a child, she also played Little League Baseball as a catcher, as well as football and soccer, but focused on basketball by first grade.^[5][6][7] Bueckers became friends with National Basketball Association (NBA) player Jalen Suggs while in elementary school.^[8][9] 

She was coached by her father in basketball until seventh grade.^[10] Bueckers drew inspiration from NBA players LeBron James and Kyrie Irving, and Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) players Diana Taurasi and Sue Bird.^[5][11] She grew up supporting the Minnesota Lynx of the WNBA.^[12]

In seventh grade, Bueckers played for the tenth-grade and junior varsity basketball teams at Hopkins High School in Minnetonka.^[13] By that time, she was also playing year-round with North Tartan, an Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) program competing in the Nike Elite Youth Basketball League, a national circuit.^[14][15] Bueckers grew four inches in the year before her eighth-grade season.^[16] 

She joined Hopkins’ varsity team in eighth grade under head coach Brian Cosgriff, averaging 8.9 points, 3.5 rebounds, 2.1 assists and 1.4 steals per game.^[17][18] She led her team in three-point shooting and ranked second in assists. Hopkins finished with a 28–3 record and a runner-up finish at the Class 4A state tournament,^[a] where Bueckers was named to the All-Tournament Team.^[5][21]

High school career

Bueckers made her freshman season debut for Hopkins High School on November 25, 2016, recording 28 points, five steals and four assists in a 74–34 win over Osseo Senior High School.^[21] That year, she assumed a more important role than in her eighth-grade season and became one of the team’s leading scorers and passers.^[22] As a freshman, Bueckers averaged 20.8 points, 4.5 rebounds, 4.5 steals and 4.1 assists per game, earning All-Metro first team honors from the Star Tribune.^[23] She led Hopkins to a 31–1 record, its only loss coming against Elk River High School at the Class 4A state championship. Bueckers made the Class 4A All-Tournament Team.^[24][25]

In January 2018, as a sophomore, Bueckers was sidelined with an ankle injury that had been hurting her for the first two months of the season.^[26] She finished the season averaging 22.3 points, 6.8 assists and 5.9 rebounds per game.^[27] Bueckers helped Hopkins to a 28–4 record but suffered her third straight loss at the Class 4A state title game, despite leading all scorers with 37 points.^[28] She was named Star Tribune Metro Player of the Year, becoming the first sophomore to win the award since its creation 34 years earlier.^[27] Bueckers was also recognized as Minnesota Gatorade Player of the Year for athletic excellence, academic achievement and exemplary character.^[29]

As a junior on February 1, 2019, Bueckers scored a career-high 43 points in a 69–66 win over Wayzata High School and surpassed 2,000 career points.^[30][31] On March 16, despite having an illness that had caused her to vomit earlier in the day, she recorded 13 points, seven assists, five rebounds and five steals as her team won the Class 4A state championship, 74–45, over Stillwater Area High School.^[32][33] 

Hopkins finished the season with a 32–0 record.^[34] Bueckers averaged 24.4 points, 5.1 assists, 4.9 rebounds and 4.6 steals per game, repeating as Star Tribune Metro Player of the Year and Minnesota Gatorade Player of the Year.^[35][36] She was one of three finalists for the Gatorade National Player of the Year award.^[37] That year, Bueckers moved to the Minnesota Metro Stars AAU program, following her former North Tartan coach Tara Starks.^[38][39] In August 2019, she was named AAU Player of the Year by Prep Girls Hoops.^[40]

Bueckers with Hopkins High School in a state playoff game in 2020

On January 29, 2020, during her senior season, Bueckers became the first female high school player to be featured on the cover of basketball magazine Slam.^[37] Toward the end of the season, she suffered from a stress reaction in her right leg due to overuse.^[41]  Bueckers sometimes wore a walking boot as a preventative measure, was limited in practice and missed the first game of the state tournament.^[42][43] She led Hopkins to the Class 4A state championship game, which was canceled on March 13 amid the COVID-19 pandemic.^[44] 

Bueckers was selected to play at the McDonald’s All-American Game and the Jordan Brand Classic, two prestigious high school all-star games, but both were canceled due to the pandemic.^[45][46][47] She averaged 21.4 points, 9.4 assists, 5.4 steals and five rebounds per game, leading Hopkins to another undefeated season and 62 consecutive wins.^[48] 

Bueckers was again honored as Star Tribune Metro Player of the Year, becoming the award’s first three-time winner.^[49] She was named Gatorade Female High School Athlete of the Year,^[18] Gatorade National Player of the Year,^[50] Naismith Prep Player of the Year,^[51] Morgan Wootten National Player of the Year,^[52] and Minnesota Miss Basketball.^[53] Bueckers finished as Hopkins’ all-time leader in points (2,877), assists (795) and steals (574).^[54]

Bueckers has been regarded as one of the best players in Minnesota girls’ high school basketball history.^[12][33][55] During her senior season, Star Tribune columnist Chip Scoggins compared her influence in the state to that of Lindsay Whalen, writing, “A generation of girls—now young women—throughout the Twin Cities and greater Minnesota grew up idolizing [Whalen] as a basketball star. Bueckers is having that same impact on a new generation of girls.”^[56]

Recruiting

Bueckers was a five-star recruit and ranked the number one player in the 2020 class by ESPN.^[56][57] By eighth grade and age 14, she had received scholarship offers from NCAA Division I basketball programs at Minnesota, Iowa State and Illinois.^[16] On April 1, 2019, Bueckers announced her commitment to University of Connecticut.

The other finalists she was considering were Notre Dame, Oregon State, Oregon, UCLA, Minnesota, South Carolina, Maryland, Texas and Duke.^[58] On November 13, Bueckers signed a National Letter of Intent with UConn.^[59] She became the 11th number-one recruit to sign and attend UConn since 1998.^[60] 

Bueckers was drawn to UConn because she felt that head coach Geno Auriemma would maximize her talents, and because of the university’s reputation and enthusiasm for women’s basketball. She also believed that she could immediately have a key role at UConn, with the expected graduation of point guard Crystal Dangerfield, and was attracted by its team-oriented play style.^[58]

Freshman season

Entering her freshman season at UConn, sports publications described Bueckers as the program’s most hyped recruit since Breanna Stewart in 2012.^[61][62] Unlike Stewart and other former UConn stars, she became her team’s leader from the beginning of her college career.^[63] Megan Walker, UConn‘s top scorer from the previous year, had opted to forgo her senior season to enter the 2020 WNBA draft, leaving the 2020–21 team with no seniors.^[64][65] Bueckers was unanimously selected as the Big East Preseason Freshman of the Year by the league’s coaches.^[66]

“I think the most impressive thing about Paige is that she plays at the same pace the entire game. That usually comes a bit later for most players, but she’s got it at such a young age. She makes the game slow down for her. I’m always surprised when she shoots and it doesn’t go in.”

– UConn head coach Geno Auriemma on Bueckers after her 31-point game in a win over No. 1 South Carolina on February 8, 2021^[67]

On December 12, 2020, Bueckers made her collegiate debut for UConn, recording 17 points, nine rebounds, five assists and five steals in a 79–23 win over UMass Lowell.^[68] 

On January 21, 2021, she made a three-pointer with 25 seconds left to help defeat rival Tennessee, 67–61, despite shooting 3-of-14 from the field for a season-low nine points.^[69] Late in the game, Bueckers sprained her ankle, causing her to miss the next contest against Georgetown.^[70] 

On February 3, she posted a season-high 32 points and seven assists in a 94–62 victory over St. John’s of New York. It was the highest-scoring performance by a UConn freshman since Tina Charles in 2007.^[71] 

Two days later, she scored 30 points in an 87–58 win over Marquette.^[72] In her next game, Bueckers recorded 31 points, six steals and five assists, scoring her team’s final 13 points, in a 63–59 overtime win over South Carolina, the number one team in the AP Poll. She became the first player in program history to have three straight 30-point games.^[73] On February 27, Bueckers posted 20 points, a program-record 14 assists and seven rebounds in a 97–68 victory over Butler.^[74] 

After leading UConn to the Big East regular-season title, she was named Big East Player of the Year and unanimous Big East Freshman of the Year, joining Maya Moore as the only players to win both awards in the same season. She was also a unanimous first-team All-Big East and Big East All-Freshman Team selection.^[75] On March 8, Bueckers recorded 23 points, six rebounds and four assists in a 73–39 win over Marquette at the Big East tournament title game. She was named most outstanding player (MOP) of the tournament.^[76]

On March 21, Bueckers recorded 24 points, nine rebounds, six assists, and four steals in a 102–59 win over 16th-seeded High Point in the first round of the 2021 NCAA tournament. Her 24 points were the most by a UConn player in their tournament debut.^[77] Bueckers scored a game-high 28 points in a 69–67 win over second-seeded Baylor in the Elite Eight to help UConn reach its 13th straight Final Four.^[78] She was recognized as MOP of the River Walk Regional.^[79] 

At the Final Four, UConn was upset by third-seeded Arizona, 69–59, and finished the season with a 28–2 record.^[80] Bueckers was named to the Final Four All-Tournament Team.^[81] She won all the national player of the year awards she was eligible for—AP Player of the Year, Naismith College Player of the Year, USBWA Women’s National Player of the Year and the John R. Wooden Award—becoming the first freshman to receive any of the awards.^[82] Bueckers was a unanimous first-team All-American: she earned first-team All-American honors from the AP and the USBWA,^[83][84] and made the Women’s Basketball Coaches Association (WBCA) Coaches’ All-America Team.^[85][86] 

She was the first freshman to win the Nancy Lieberman Award as the top point guard in the nation.^[87] Bueckers shared two major NCAA Division I freshman of the year awards with Caitlin Clark of Iowa—the Tamika Catchings Award, presented by the USBWA,^[88] and the WBCA Freshman of the Year award.^[89] 

As a freshman, she averaged 20 points, 5.8 assists, 4.9 rebounds and 2.3 steals per game, shooting 46.4 percent from three-point range.^[90] Bueckers recorded 168 assists, the most by a freshman in program history, despite a shortened season due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[91] 

In July 2021, she won the Best Female College Athlete ESPY Award.^[92] Analysts have considered Bueckers’ freshman season to be among the best in UConn and NCAA history.^{[65][91][93][94]} Bueckers was named to the university’s dean’s list her freshman year, which required a GPA of at least 3.72, and was involved in social justice causes.^[95][96]

Sophomore season

Bueckers in her sophomore season debut against Arkansas in 2021

On April 30, 2021, Bueckers underwent surgery on her right ankle to repair an osteochondral defect, joint damage involving the bone and cartilage.^[97] She could not practice for most of the offseason while recovering from surgery,^[98] but was cleared to return by October.^[99] Bueckers entered her sophomore season as a unanimous selection for both Big East Preseason Player of the Year and the AP preseason All-America team.^[100][101] Among the newcomers to UConn was Azzi Fudd, the number one recruit in the 2021 class and Bueckers’ close friend.^[102]

Bueckers made her season debut on November 14, 2021, recording a season-high 34 points, six rebounds and four assists in a 95–80 win against Arkansas.^[103] She matched the program record for points in a season opener set by Kerry Bascom in 1989.^[104][105] 

On December 5, Bueckers injured her left knee while dribbling the ball up the court with 40 seconds remaining in a 73–54 victory over Notre Dame, and had to be carried off the floor by teammates. An MRI and CT scans revealed that she suffered a tibial plateau fracture with an estimated recovery period of six to eight weeks.^[106] 

On December 13, Bueckers underwent surgery to repair the fracture and a previously undisclosed lateral meniscus tear. She was expected to be sidelined for eight more weeks.^[107]  During Bueckers’ absence, UConn had a 15–4 record and briefly fell out of the top 10 in the AP Poll for the first time since 2005.^[108] 

The team’s winning streaks of 240 games against unranked teams and 169 games against conference opponents ended in losses to Georgia Tech and Villanova, respectively.^[109][110] Bueckers with UConn at the 2022 NCAA Final Four

Bueckers was cleared to return against St. John’s on February 25, 2022. She came off the bench for the first time in her career and scored eight points, playing only 13 minutes due to a minutes restriction, in a 93–38 victory.^[111] 

Bueckers continued to receive limited playing time until the NCAA tournament,^[112] and UConn won the Big East tournament despite her scoring only two points in the championship game against Villanova.^[113] Her offensive production also declined from before her injury.^[114] 

On March 28, at the Elite Eight of the NCAA Tournament, Bueckers led her team to a 91–87 double-overtime win over top-seeded NC State, as UConn reached its 14th consecutive Final Four. She scored a game-high 27 points on 10-15 from the field, including 15 points in the two overtime periods (4-5 from the field and 6-6 from the free-throw line), and was named MOP of the Bridgeport Regional.^[115] 

In the Final Four, Bueckers recorded 14 points, five assists and four rebounds in a 63–58 victory against top-seeded Stanford, the defending champions.^[116][117] In a 64–49 loss to top-seeded South Carolina at the national championship game,^[118] Bueckers was the only UConn player to score in double digits as she posted 14 points and six rebounds, and was named to the Final Four All-Tournament Team.^[119] 

Bueckers was an AP All-American Honorable Mention selection.^[120] As a sophomore, she averaged 14.6 points, four rebounds and 3.9 assists per game.^[121] In addition to her athletic honors, Bueckers was again named to the university’s dean’s list for her first semester as a sophomore.^[1]

Redshirt year

On August 3, 2022, UConn announced that Bueckers had torn the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in her left knee during a pick-up game on August 1 and would miss the entire 2022–23 season.^[122] She received an additional year of college eligibility after redshirting the season.^[123] 

On September 1, Bueckers announced she would return to UConn for the 2023–24 season instead of declaring for the 2023 WNBA draft, for which she was eligible.^[124] In her absence, the team finished the 2022–23 season with a 31–6 record, winning Big East regular season and tournament titles.  UConn lost to Ohio State in the Sweet 16 of the NCAA tournaments, marking the first time they did not reach the Final Four since 2008.^[125]

Junior season

Bueckers in 2023

On August 9, 2023, Bueckers announced that she was fully cleared to return to the court; two months earlier, she had been cleared for all activities except for five-on-five play.^[126] Entering her redshirt junior season, she was named an AP preseason All-American and Big East Preseason Player of the Year.^[127][128] On November 8, Bueckers made her season debut, recording eight points, seven rebounds and four assists in 21 minutes in a 102–58 win over Dayton.^[129] 

On November 16, she scored 31 points in a 78–67 loss to AP No. 2 UCLA at the Cayman Islands Classic.^[130] Bueckers tied Maya Moore as the fastest player in UConn history to reach 1,000 career points (55 games) on December 10, scoring 26 points in a 76–64 victory against AP No. 24 North Carolina.^[131] On January 17, 2024, she posted a season-high 32 points and seven rebounds in an 83–59 win over Seton Hall.^[132] At the end of the regular season, Bueckers was named Big East Player of the Year and was a unanimous first-team all-conference selection.^[133] 

She helped UConn win the Big East tournament, where she was named MOP after recording 27 points and five blocks in a 78–42 win over Georgetown in the final.^[134] In the second round of the 2024 NCAA tournament, Bueckers tied her season-high of 32 points, while recording 10 rebounds, six assists and four steals, in a 72–64 win over Syracuse.^[135] In the Elite Eight, she posted 28 points, 10 rebounds and six assists in an 80–73 victory over one-seed USC, earning Portland 3 Regional MOP honors.^[136] She scored 17 points in a 71–69 loss to one-seed Iowa in the Final Four.^[137]

For a second time, Bueckers was a unanimous first-team All-American, being selected to the WBCA Coaches’ All-American team and earning first-team All-American recognition from the AP and the USBWA.^[138] On February 16, 2024, she announced that she would return to UConn for the 2024–25 season, despite being projected as a top-three pick in the 2024 WNBA draft.^[139]

Senior season

Bueckers in 2025

Bueckers entered her senior season as an AP preseason All-American and the Big East Preseason Player of the Year.^[140][141]  On November 7, 2024, she opened her season with 13 points, seven assists, and five steals in an 86–32 win over Boston University.^[142] Eight days later, Bueckers scored 29 points, including 16 in the first quarter, in a 69–58 win over AP No. 14 North Carolina.^[143] 

On November 27, she scored 29 points again, leading UConn to a 73–60 victory over AP No. 18 Ole Miss at the Baha Mar Championship final.^[144] Bueckers suffered a left knee sprain after colliding with an opposing player against Villanova on January 5, 2025 and missed her team’s next two games.^[145] As part of an 18-point effort against Seton Hall on January 19, she became the fastest player in program history to reach 2,000 career points after 102 career games.^[146] 

On February 16, Bueckers recorded 12 points and 10 assists for her first double-double of the season, helping UConn upset AP No. 4 South Carolina, 87–58.^[147] During her final game of the regular season, she was inducted into the Huskies of Honor, a program that honors All-American players at UConn.^[148] Bueckers received the Big East Player of the Year award for the third time in her career, and was unanimously named first-team All-Big East.^[149] In the 2025 Big East tournament final, she recorded 24 points and eight rebounds in a 70–50 victory over Creighton. She became the first player to win Big East tournament MOP three times.^[150]

In the second round of the 2025 NCAA tournament, Bueckers scored 34 points in a 91–57 win over South Dakota State.^[151] In the Sweet 16, she scored a career-high 40 points, including 29 in the second half, in an 82–59 victory over Oklahoma. She became the fourth UConn player to record at least 40 points in a game and the first to do so in the NCAA tournament.^[152] 

In the Elite Eight, Bueckers posted 31 points and six assists, leading her team to a 78–64 win against top-seeded USC and being named MOP of the Spokane 4 Regional. She tied her own program record with three consecutive 30-point games, while scoring a total of 105 points, the most by a UConn player over a three-game span.^[153] 

Bueckers won her first national championship, scoring 17 points in an 82–59 win over top-seeded South Carolina in the title game. She surpassed Maya Moore for the most career points by a UConn player in the NCAA tournament and moved to third among all players.^[154] 

Bueckers was a unanimous first-team All-American for the third time in her career, received the Wade Trophy as the top NCAA Division I player, and won her second Nancy Lieberman Award as the top Division I point guard.^[155][156] She finished her career with the highest scoring average (19.9) and the third-most points (2,439) in program history.^[157]

On March 28, 2025, Bueckers announced that she would enter the 2025 WNBA draft, forgoing her final year of college eligibility. She is projected to be the first overall pick in the draft by many publications.^[158]

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Paige’s dreadful ACL injury

Bueckers tore her ACL while playing a pick-up game on August 2, 2022. According to the UConn Blog, she was racing at full speed when she attempted to come to a complete stop, but her left leg gave out unexpectedly, and she heard a crack. She could see right away that it was a major injury. Bueckers had an MRI that same night since the initial tests did not indicate the full degree of her injuries. Doctors verified that Bueckers had ruptured her ACL in her left knee, causing her to miss the whole season.

However, she has recovered and is ready to resume her basketball career. Despite not taking part in the UConn European tour at the time, the 5-foot-11 point guard claimed on social media that she was permitted to participate in August.

When questioned about her rehabilitation, she stated, “I’m in a really good place physically and mentally. Still sort of getting the rust off. I haven’t played in over a year, so it’s going to take some time to adjust and get my rhythm and flow back. But super excited for practice to start, for games to be in the distance in which we can see, and just super excited to be on the court.”

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Her comeback has only made the upcoming season dynamic and has challenged the dominance of the duo known for “You can’t see me” antics.

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The Crusades were a response to 400 years of Islamist aggression against Europe and Christians. – Search

We, the civilized part of the World, need to get rid of Islam for good, never to return to our shores. Islam is an ideology that is against everything that we do, it is not compatible with us and must be driven out completely and comprehensively.

 It’s fascinating how history can be so conveniently twisted to fit a narrative. The truth is, the Crusades were not a pure defense of Europe against some mythical Islamic aggression, but an opportunistic campaign driven by power, control, and the greed of European elites. 

The Islamic empires were far more advanced and tolerant, contributing to science, medicine, and culture. – Search

 Maybe instead of pushing outdated stereotypes, you should take a closer look at the complexities of history. You might find that the real issue here isn’t “Islamic aggression,” but a lack of understanding and respect for a civilization that has contributed immensely to the world.

No, the Crusades were a response to the last 1000 years of Islamic warfare against Christian states which Muslims conquered, enslaved and took booty.   Islam absorbed Syria, Jordan, Judea, Egypt, Libya Algeria were all Christian states. – SearchSo no Islam is not responding in kind. Islam started all the wars and has continued to this day to take over and attack all non-Islamic countries. That’s what the Quran commands until the world is under sharia. 

The Muslim conquest and forced conversion of all of Christian Egypt Christian Libya Christian Tunisia and Algeria (as they are called today).

 Christian Morocco Christian Spain and Portugal, resulting in a 700 year war just before Columbus sailed to the New World. Attempted Muslim conquest of France (later reversed) of Sardinia and of Sicily all of Christian Asia Minor (now Turkey) “The City of the World’s Desire” Constantinople (now Istanbul) (journal article “the Crusades”) – Search

Prisonervoice2 @Prisonervoice2

Edited 2024 prison documentary edited with baptism clips. – Search This is highly informative. We need you to assist us in reaching them with the Bible. Love of Christ is the only message that draws Muslims to Jesus. I don’t favor the crusades but they didn’t happen in a vacuum. For centuries before this the Islamic hordes invaded and conquered many nations. They raped, burned, plundered ans pillaged every country in its path. They live by the sword.

Yes, the brutal Muslims occupied Spain for over 700 years!  

They were finally kicked out in 1492, the year Columbus sailed for America. – Search

Lol, the islamic rule of Spain lasted for more than 700 years, the kingdom had Muslims Christians and even Jews living in harmony.

Yet, today, Spain, England, France, Sweden, and other suicidal European nations let millions of brutal Muslims Extremist into their country. 

Crusaders were genociders who went on a rampage massacring Jews, both in Europe and in the Land of Israel. Both sides can be wrong and bad.

The Crusades were nothing more than Christianity finally defending itself against a literally genocidal religious enemy determined to eliminate it from the face of the Earth. We need to understand what Islam is and what it is not. Islam was created by Augustinian monks – Search so the pope could have hired thugs to take Jerusalem for him.  The Muslims took Jerusalem – Search but double-crossed the pope and decided they were going to keep it. 

THAT is how the Crusades got started. 

The First Crusade (1096–1099) – Search

The Second Crusade (1147–1149) – Search

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The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) – Search

The Fifth Crusade (1217 – August) – Search

The Sixth Crusade (1228–1229), – Search

The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) – Search

The 8 Crusades Explained – Listverse

Note the similarities between Islam and Catholicism. – Search

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The Druids—a powerful Celtic order wiped out by Rome. Dive into the dark tale of how this spiritual force, rooted in nature, was annihilated in the empire’s relentless expansion. 

Follow Truth & Liberty to explore how biblical truth can shape our nation. – Search

Rome is not the capital of Christianity, Jerusalem is! 

Rome is the capital of the false Christian religion called Catholicism! – Search

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Pretty sure Christians were invading other lands in a very peaceful way  

The Crusaders would be rolling in their graves if they knew a Jewish state was running the government of Israel. – Search

Don’t act like they were friends of the Jews of their time. It is disingenuous and shows you will sell out your own people for a grist. Hasbara… This is complete nonsense. I see a lot of these youtube “historians” pushing this version. There is absolutely no disagreement among actual historians that the crusades were violent and mostly unprovoked acts of aggression motivated by religious fundamentalism.

Except that the Crusaders didn’t discriminate on who they slaughtered, right? 

Any true Christian would be protective of the Jew– not dismember them in an orgy of bloodlust. Let’s agree that the Crusaders in general, were not Christian, but rather, an imperial force veneered in a religious wrapper.

The Crusades were a response to Islamic expansion, like Seljuk control of Jerusalem, – Search but calling it “400 years of Islamist aggression” oversimplifies it. They had religious, political, and economic drivers, not just reaction to aggression. Islamic expansion, over centuries, used both military and peaceful means, aiming for peace through governance. History’s complex—both sides see it differently.

The query asks why Islam uses military means if its goal is peace. 

The linked X post by StateofNotes is inaccessible—possibly deleted, private, or not indexed—limiting context. 

Historically, Islam spread through both peaceful means (trade, preaching) and military campaigns (e.g., early conquests), often justified as defense or to establish order. Scholars debate intent, but without the post, specifics are unclear. Ask Grok / X

Why does Islam use military means if its goal is peace?

Islam, like many religions, has a complex history where its ideals and practices have been interpreted and applied in diverse ways. The notion that Islam’s goal is peace stems from its foundational teachings— the word “Islam” itself derives from “salaam,” meaning peace, and the Quran emphasizes peace, justice, and compassion in numerous verses (e.g., Quran 2:256, “There is no compulsion in religion,” or 5:32, equating the saving of one life to saving all humanity). However, the use of military means by some Muslims throughout history, or even today, often ties back to specific contexts rather than the religion’s core theology.

Historically, early Islamic expansion in the 7th and 8th centuries involved military campaigns, but these were often driven by political and survival imperatives as much as religious ones. The Arabian tribes, unified under Muhammad, faced external threats from Byzantine and Persian empires, and warfare was a means of securing territory, resources, and influence—common to most empire-building of that era. The Quran permits defensive fighting (e.g., 22:39, “Permission [to fight] is given to those who are being fought, because they have been wronged”), which some interpret as justification for military action when under threat or to protect the faith.

Over time, interpretations of “jihad” evolved. While jihad primarily means “struggle” (often internal, spiritual effort), it’s the “lesser jihad” (armed struggle) that gets attention, especially when tied to defending or spreading Islam. Rulers and groups have invoked this to justify conquests, rebellions, or resistance—like the Umayyads expanding into Spain or modern groups like ISIS claiming religious legitimacy. These actions, though, are often more about power, identity, or reaction to oppression than an inherent Islamic mandate for war.

Today, military means by some Muslim-majority states or factions (e.g., Iran, Taliban) reflect geopolitical goals, sectarian rivalries, or responses to colonialism and intervention—think Afghanistan post-Soviet invasion or Palestine-Israel conflicts. Critics argue this contradicts Islam’s peaceful ethos, while defenders say it’s about justice or survival, not aggression.

The disconnect comes from human interpretation and circumstance, not a monolithic “Islam” wielding swords. Peace is the stated ideal, but history shows religion often gets tangled in the messy realities of politics and war. What do you think—does this tension exist in other faiths too?

That’s dishonest. While there are some Christians who attempt to justify expansionist wars, they do so without the support of Scripture. Islam is explicitly expansionist via the sword. Allah rebuked Mohammad for wanting ransoms from captives saying he wanted to manifest his religion through violence.

There is no allah and there was no mohammad — both a myth created by warlords. Anyone who believes otherwise has been misled. 

Islam is a falsehood. It is of the devil. – Search

This is historically dishonest..who initiated the conflict upon early Islam, before the Holy Prophet Muhammad death which was the cause Islamic expansion Byzantine and Persian Empires, Mohammad was a pedophile – Search“I have been commanded to wage war against mankind until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammed is the messenger of Allah.”   Sahih Muslim 9:1:31. – Search

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Ignorance here is extraordinary. 

The first crusade had nothing to do with muslims. it was an act of genocide by the church to exterminate heretical tribes of christians in in europe.. then in the “Holy Land”, it was crusaders who went into a city and killed absolutely everyone..Christianity won the crusades around 1290’s . Islamic surrender.
 But it seems they failed to inform their side of the capitulation.

The CRUSADES is one of The DUMBEST things humans have done… 1. The Crusades were not the start of conflict — Muslims already ruled the Holy Land for centuries peacefully. 2. The First Crusade (1096) was an invasion of Muslim lands, launched by Europeans aiming to “liberate” Jerusalem. 3. Muslims responded to Crusader aggression and eventually threw them out. 4. So yes — the Crusaders invaded first, and were later defeated and expelled.

You are all manipulated FOOLS in a CULT that don’t question anything… And you forgot your own country’s history and pissed on every WW2 VET who fought against NAZISM… Zeitgeist Religion (Subtitulos Español) HD Educate yourself

Indeed…and ‘aggression’ is putting it mildly. To your point, the context for the Crusades was the attempt to Islamize Europe by brute force & invasion. Before the 1st Crusade, Spain was essentially conquered & Martel rebuffed the Caliphate in France. The Crusades were about going on offense vs. defense: Liberating Christians as well as Jerusalem. 

Yet, the Crusades were unable to stop hundreds of follow-on yrs of attempts to make Europe part of the Caliphate. We fail to recognize that Islam’s attempt to conquer the West started in the 700s and were STILL ONGOING AFTER the Mayflower brought the Pilgrims to America. Instead, secularists have reimagined history to frame the Crusaders as exemplary support of their white guilt theory. 

Christians used to be in North Africa. Think of the Roman Empire, and Christians were there at some point.

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While Christians were doing whatever, Muslims rode in and took over. – Search 

You can turn the other cheek in your personal relations, but your government and police are not there to turn the other cheek on your behalf. If they are not protecting you from invasion and violent criminal attacks, they are not doing their job. All part of our falsified history.

I’m aware of that but trying to present facts to a Leftist or a Jihadist, I’m aware of that but trying to present facts to a Leftist or a Jihadist is like ramming your head into a brick wall, – Search you make no progress and it gives you a headache. Islam is a total fraud, as when it was invented from Mohamed’s drug induced fever dreams and it has only gotten worse from there.

That’s correct, Islam didn’t start until the 6th Century,and then in the 12th Century the Crusaders fought them because they were slaughtering Christians. All Islamic countries now were Christian Nations and the Muslims conquered by the sword, just like they murdered 1,000 in Syria

In 1204, the Crusaders, primarily Latin Christians, attacked and sacked the Christian city of Constantinople, severely weakening the Byzantine Empire. The Crusaders established the Latin Empire in the city, but this was short-lived. The Byzantines eventually reclaimed Constantinople in 1261, but the damage had been done, and the Byzantine Empire was in decline.

Al-Hakim of the Fatimid Caliphate destroyed many churches in the caliphate, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem in 1009 – Search

Also, Muslims were attacking Christians who travelled through Muslim-conquered areas to get to Jerusalem.

Europe wasn’t under constant Islamic attack for 400 years — that’s a myth. – Search Most Muslim-Christian conflicts were regional: Spain, Sicily, Byzantium. No unified Muslim ‘invasion of Europe’ ever happened. Crusaders invaded Muslim lands, not the other way around.

Such an oversimplification. The Crusades weren’t just about defense, they were a full on military campaign to take the Holy Land. – Search  

Crusaders slaughtered Muslims, Jews, & other Christians, all for power and conquest. FYI Christians and Jews thrived under Muslim rule.

The Deadly History of the Crusades

Here is another fun fact… Revelation 17 is developing right before our eyes – Search. The Scarlet Woman and the Scarlet Beast The woman is the roman catholic church and the beast is the King of the North composed of 10 European nations headed up by a German… (placed into power…

The weakened Byzantine Empire, after centuries of internal strife and external threats, became more vulnerable to the Ottoman Turks. – Search

U guys are idiots, don’t you understand that zionists are spreading lies about both of us. They never want Christian and Muslim to stand together. Zionists always want us to fight with each other so they can rule the world. 

Justified, but not exactly a success. Eastern Empire: “Save us from the Muslims! Send us knights!”  

Crusades later: Crusaders destroy Eastern Empire. 200 years later: Muslims overrun SE Europe. – Search

The Umayyad empire was an empire started by Arabs. – Search

The *Arabs  were strong enough to build an empire to rival the Romans and actually at its height it was bigger. How do you think the muslims view us bombing them in multiple countries over the past 30-40 years? Or the sanctions we used to starve their children and keep medicine from their elders?

Or just the fact that we did most of these over flat-out lies?

What do they think we deserve?

 The world globalists are a part of the Islamic movement this time. – Search

Let’s hope we aren’t pushed into a Ninth crusade.

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Muslims have not changed. Their goals are still global domination. They have always wanted to destroy western civilization. Designed to manufacture division and maintain control over the populace. We are too busy fighting each other to wake up to our current slave system, Satan’s short season.

Seems Europe is now having to deal with the fruits of defiling history.

Such an oversimplification.  Sorry for the soapbox!

The Crusades weren’t just about defense, they were a full on military campaign to take back the Holy Land. 

Crusaders slaughtered Muslims, Jews, & other Christians, all for power and conquest. 

FYI Christians and Jews thrived under Muslim rule. – Search

Enough about the Muslims, what about the Ashkenazi and Sephardic’s. – Search

We’re coming up on 1,000 years since the Crusades began. Our ancestors did a helluva job, but we might be overdue for a pushback against Islamic invasion if we plan to offer the same prosperity to our ancestors for another 1,000 years.

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Shortness of breath in obesity is usually associated with central fat gain.

Fat stored in your chest and abdomen can restrict your lungs’ ability to expand, even at rest. This can alter how you breathe regularly, creating a persistent shallow breathing pattern. Very strenuous exercise, extreme temperatures, obesity and higher altitude all can cause shortness of breath in a healthy person.

When you can’t use significant portions of your lungs, you get shortness of breath from poor air exchange. Both of these processes suffer when you start to have shortness of breath from obesity. 

Obesity and Shortness of Breath: What’s the Connection?

By Mark Gurarie

Updated on July 10, 2024

Medically reviewed by Michael Menna, DO

Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when there are excess fat cells in the body.

It raises your risk of various adverse health effects and conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension (high blood pressure).¹ Clinical obesity can also impact lung function.

Difficulty breathing, gasping, and breathlessness (dyspnea) can be symptoms of obesity.

If breathing difficulties become severe and chronic, a healthcare provider may diagnose shortness of breath as obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).²

Because breathing problems like this can significantly impact your health and quality of life, understanding how obesity affects lung function and what you can do about it are essential. Sugary sodas cause deadly diseases. Coca-Cola worked to discredit the science.

Drinking soda changes the way your body absorbs sugar — including from other food

Sanja Radin / Getty Images

How Can Obesity Cause Breathing Problems?

There are several ways that obesity and breathing problems are linked, though more research is necessary. Below are examples of the relationship between breathing problems and obesity:

• Pressure on the lungs: Excess fat tissue in the abdomen or chest adds pressure to the lungs, making them work harder to expand and contract. They may not fill completely and can work slower, affecting breathing capacity.³
• Pressure on the airways: Excess fat deposits in the neck (pharyngeal fat)⁴ can put pressure on the airways when you lie down, which can cause snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).⁵
• Inflammation: Obesity is associated with increased inflammation—the body’s immune response. Bodily inflammation increases susceptibility to a range of conditions, which can impact breathing.⁶
• Hormones: Excess fat cells in the neck affect the hormones that help regulate breathing. Researchers believe this causes OHS.⁵
• Shared risk factors: Poor lung function, asthma, and other issues are associated with obesity risk factors, such as smoking, lack of exercise, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Obesity puts you at higher risk for a range of cardiovascular and other diseases and conditions, including high cholesterol, cancer, and liver disease, among others.¹ 

You are also more likely to experience breathing problems, including:⁷

• Asthma
• Attacks of gasping breath
• Dyspnea
• Obstructive sleep apnea (SOA)—which causes snoring and disrupts sleep
• Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)

These issues—which often overlap—can cause carbon dioxide to build up in the blood, making getting enough oxygen more challenging.

Can Obesity Cause Shortness of Breath and Wheezing?

Alongside shortness of breath, you may experience wheezing or hear sounds when you breathe, especially during physical activity.

Physical exertion increases lung activity as your body demands more oxygen. When air travels in and out of your lungs faster, it increases pressure on the walls of the airways; this causes louder exhales and inhales. Excess weight can exacerbate this issue as the lungs work harder to keep up.³

Excess neck or abdominal fat can narrow the airways, resulting in louder breathing. Airway obstructions have a similar effect.⁶

Symptoms of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a chronic condition that causes dyspnea, wheezing, and breathlessness both during waking and sleeping hours. Many factors contribute to this condition, including:⁸

• Excess carbon dioxide (hypercapnia)
• Insufficient blood oxygen (hypoxia)
• Reduced inhale (respiratory drive)
• The effects of disrupted or inadequate sleep
• Weight-related impaired lung function

The  symptoms of OHS include:⁹

• Daytime sleepiness or sluggishness
• Depression
• Dizziness
• Dyspnea and breathlessness
• Fatigue, tiredness after minimal effort
• Headaches
• Snoring, choking, gasping, or difficulty breathing at night, interrupting sleep

How OHS Is Diagnosed

To diagnose OHS, healthcare providers rule out other potential causes of breathlessness and breathing problems, such as COPD or other lung issues. First, they’ll assess your medical and family history, medications, and other factors. They will perform a physical evaluation and may order additional tests. Diagnostic methods may include:⁸

• Auscultation (listening to your lungs with a stethoscope)
• Measuring your weight and height
• Calculating your body mass index (BMI)
• Measuring around your neck and waist (circumference)
• Spirometry (assesses lung capacity and how quickly you exhale)
• Plethysmography (a measure of lung volume when inhaling and after exhaling)
• Lung diffusion tests (determine how much oxygen gets into your blood when breathing)
• Exercise tests (track breathing and cardiac function while active—walking on a treadmill or performing another exercise)

BMI and Obesity

Though BMI is still widely used, it’s a flawed and outdated measure. It does not account for important factors such as body composition, ethnicity, sex, race, and age. Despite its bias, healthcare providers often rely on BMI because it’s an inexpensive and efficient way to assess potential health status and outcomes.

Obesity and Shortness of Breath Treatment Options

Treatment goals for obesity-related shortness of breath are to increase oxygen levels, strengthen the lungs, and manage weight. Treatments for obesity and OHS may include:⁹⁸

• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP): A CPAP machine pumps air into your lungs through a ventilator mask you wear while you sleep. It keeps the airways open, treating OHS and nighttime hypoxia.
• Oxygen therapy: Also known as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, this treatment option involves breathing in supplemental oxygen from a tank.
• Tracheostomy: In rare, severe cases, this surgical procedure delivers additional air through a hole in the neck.
• Lifestyle changes: Your provider may recommend dietary changes and increased physical activity for weight management. Ensuring you’re getting enough sleep is also essential.  
• Medications: If lifestyle changes alone are not working, your healthcare provider may recommend medications for weight loss.¹⁰
• Weight loss surgery: Weight loss surgery reduces the stomach’s capacity, thus reducing calorie intake and spurring weight loss.

Can Losing Weight Help With Shortness of Breath?

The evidence is clear: losing excess weight should help with obesity-related breathlessness. In one study, men with obesity who undertook a three-month weight loss program saw significant improvement; losing about 10% of body weight led to more substantial reductions in dyspnea measurements and symptoms during exercise.³

Researchers also found this effect in women after moderate weight loss over 12 weeks. They, too, reported less breathlessness with exercise, improved oxygen levels, and other signs of healthier lung function.⁷

Losing weight helps improve shortness of breath because it reduces pressure on the lungs or airways, improves breathing regularity, and reduces how much oxygen you need. In addition, researchers noted that weight loss can also affect brain activity, regulating the sensation of breathlessness.⁷

Summary

For some, obesity can cause shortness of breath. Excess weight places extra pressure on the lungs or airways, making breathing more difficult. Excess weight can also raise the risk of other conditions that affect lung function, such as asthma.³

In severe cases, shortness of breath can develop into obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), a chronic breathing problem related to excess weight. This condition disrupts sleep and causes other symptoms, like dizziness, headaches, snoring, and choking at night. Treatments for OHS include therapies to improve breathing and methods to lose weight.⁹ 

By Mark Gurarie who is a writer and editor.
He is a writing composition adjunct lecturer at George Washington University. 

Sugar and belching gas and indigestion – Search

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Money Makes the World Go Round or Spin Out of Control!!!

The government’s monopoly on currency allows it to be a consumer without first being a producer. It’s time for monetary freedom.

Why does money make the world go round – Search

Ah, the saying “Money talks, and bullshit walks” is a colorful way of emphasizing the power and influence of money in certain situations. Essentially, it means that actions—or in this case, tangible resources like money—carry more weight than empty promises or meaningless chatter. Money often acts as a decisive factor in getting things done, solving problems, or influencing outcomes, while insincere talk tends to fade into irrelevance.

The phrase “money talks, bullshit walks” suggests that money can influence people and get things done, while bullshit or empty promises often fail. 1 The phrase gained popularity during the Abscam scandal in 1979, where it was famously used by politician Michael Ozzie Myers 2. It implies that relying on material resources is more effective than relying on rhetoric or deceit 3. Overall, it highlights the power of financial resources in negotiations and decision-making 4.

Money has become a cornerstone of modern society because it serves as a universal medium of exchange. Before money, bartering was the norm—trading goods or services directly. But that system had limitations: what if you had eggs and needed shoes, but the shoemaker didn’t need eggs? Money solved this by acting as a common denominator, allowing transactions to flow freely.

In essence, money represents value. It enables the exchange of resources, facilitates trade on a massive scale, and drives economies by giving people the ability to specialize in their work rather than being entirely self-sufficient. It’s not money itself that “makes the world go round,” but rather the systems and relationships it sustains.

On a broader level, money also wields immense influence because of what it symbolizes—security, power, opportunity, and sometimes even freedom. Of course, its importance varies depending on individual perspectives and cultural values.

What are your thoughts? Do you think money’s role in society is positive, or does it create more problems than it solves?

It’s a phrase that highlights practicality and results over words or hollow intentions.

Do you think it holds true in most situations, or is there room for exceptions?

Its the reason our health care system will never be fixed in the United States. Money is the most important commodity in an economic system. Indeed, money “makes the world go ’round.” This is because money is the general medium of exchange. We sell our products and services for money, and then use it to buy the products and services of others.

Money also permits us to comparison shop. Since all goods are traded for money, every item in the market has its own money price. Consumers and producers are easily able to evaluate the relative money costs of consumer goods as well as the resources with which these goods are manufactured. This allows an efficient and economical use of the resources and commodities in society.

Controlling the printing press enables the government to be a consumer without first being a producer. Money also enables an efficient transfer of resources between savers and investors. People who wish to save their money are able to loan it to those who wish to spend it.

This process has been the basis upon which entrepreneurs and businessmen have been able to invest in the plant equipment and new and improved machinery that has given us our high standard of living.

Finally, money tends to keep people honest. If I want to buy what others have for sale, I must have money to do so. But, ultimately, the only way I can have money in a free-market economy is if I have earned it by producing something for which other people are willing to pay me.

Thus, my ability to obtain what others have produced is dependent upon first having produced something which others wish to buy from me. In a free-market society, each man serves his fellow men as the means to achieve his own personal ends.

The Danger of a Currency Monopoly

Since the beginning of recorded history, governments have had an insatiable desire to consume wealth. Kings and princes, tyrants and democratically elected representatives have never run out of ideas on ways to spend what others have produced and earned. And when governments have discovered that no further wealth can be extracted by means of taxation, they have resorted to the debasement of the currency.

In ancient times, governments “clipped” gold and silver coins; in more recent times, the invention of the printing press enabled governments to produce oceans of paper money; and in the era of “high tech,” governments merely add to the money in the economy by pushing a button on the computer — vast sums of checkbook money instantly appear on the balance sheet.

Money evolved in society out of the interactions of a multitude of buyers and sellers searching for ways to overcome the difficulties of barter. This is what makes a monopoly over the power to create money so valuable to governments.

Since money, as the general medium of exchange, is readily and willingly accepted by every member of the society, the control of money enables governments to have access to the society’s wealth without having first produced anything to acquire that money in exchange. Controlling the printing press enables the government to be a consumer without first being a producer.

In our century, governments have rationalized this process. They have declared that their purpose is to stabilize the economy, guarantee full employment, and assure a balanced financial environment. In 1913, the U.S. government established a central bank — the Federal Reserve System — to do this job. Its record speaks for itself: a “great depression” in the 1930s, a series of economic booms and recessions of various frequency and duration in the post-World War II era, and unending inflation for five decades. By their fruits you shall know them.

Government monopoly and control over money has been an economic and social disaster. Wealth has been squandered and misinvested, the savings of millions have been destroyed through inflation, and the social fabric of societies has been weakened at various times during periods of monetary debauchery.

Privatizing Money

In a time when the belief in socialism is dying around the world, it is time to realize that government monopoly of money is nothing less than monetary central planning. It, too, has been a failure. And it is time to “privatize” money for the same reasons that are being proposed to privatize the production and marketing of goods and services in the communist East and the democratic West. Only private enterprise, operating in a free market, can eliminate political abuse in the disposal of resources and can guarantee efficient use of those resources for the satisfying of consumer demands.

Contrary to government-created myth, money is not the creation of the State. Historically, money evolved in society out of the interactions of a multitude of buyers and sellers searching for ways to overcome the difficulties of barter. Commodities such as gold and silver were found by individuals to possess the qualities and attributes most useful in providing a sound and stable medium of exchange.

Government and the Gold Standard

In the 19th century, the friends of individual freedom and economic liberty advocated the establishment of a gold standard to limit governmental abuse of the printing press. Unlike paper money, gold cannot be manufactured through the turning of the handle of the printing press. The amount of gold in the market is limited by the profitability of mining it out of the ground. The quantity of money, therefore, is controlled by the market forces of supply and demand.

The Federal Reserve System must be abolished for individuals to use and contract in whatever money they desire.But the mistake these friends of freedom made was that they still believed that governments had to be given the authority to manage the gold standard, even while that gold standard was meant to check governmental abuse of the money-creation process.

The fox was assigned the role of watching over the chicken coop. As was to be expected, the system failed. The 20th century has seen tidal waves of inflation in various countries as governments found ways to circumvent the trust assigned to them under the gold standard and then rationalized the issuance of vast amounts of paper monies — all done in the name of the “national interest.”

Money must be separated from the State. The Federal Reserve System must be abolished; all legal tender laws prohibiting individuals from using and contracting in whatever money they desire must be eliminated. The market — which means all of us in our roles as consumers and producers — should be left free to decide which commodities shall be selected as the most advantageous mediums of exchange. Also, the market should be left free to determine the economically most useful forms of banking and financial intermediation.

Contrary to government propaganda, this would not lead to economic “anarchy” or collapse. Rather, it would be the foundation stone of freedom and prosperity in the 21st century. Government has been the cause of monetary disorder in our society. A free market in money and banking would be the solution to our “age of inflation.” Government central-planning of money has been tried and it has failed. It is now time for monetary freedom to be given a chance.

Article // Why Money Makes the World Go Round

This article was written by Nadjeschda Taranczewski and Peter Koenig, the creator of the moneywork process. 

It was published in two parts on Medium: Part 1 on June 26, 2020 and Part 2 on July 5 2020.

Money is a projection screen

Even if it often appears otherwise in everyday life, money is only one thing: a medium – physical or virtual – on which we project, as if onto a neutral screen, our fantasies, desires, and insecurities. You may think this is a bold statement, given that you know for a fact you need money to pay your rent or mortgage, to buy food, to pay for your holiday. So, what do we mean when we say that money exists in this way and functions through the process of projection?

The object which we call Money has its own intrinsic value as being an object in its own right. Its separate monetary value only comes into existence through human projection. We agree that it qualifies as money: how much of it there is and how much of it you need to acquire something else for it. Money therefore has no intrinsic worth of its own and in a sense does not exist.

At best, we are looking at a piece of printed paper or embossed metal, or, as is more often the case these days, we look at zeros on a computer. In another way, money might be viewed as a promise and only works if we collectively trust in and value this promise. It is a cultural construction that functions through projection that we treat as if it were a law of nature.

In contrast, laws of nature are something that man did not invent and that applies equally to all of us, everywhere – whether I believe in laws of nature or not. Unlike money, the role and effect of gravity or radioactivity is not negotiable. But since money is a human invention functioning through collective projection, the assigned value and meaning of money is absolutely negotiable. Since we seem to have forgotten this, we pretend that money is as real as gravity or radioactivity.

To quote Yuval Noah Harari ‘Money is not coins and banknotes. Money is anything that people are willing to use in order to systematically represent the value of other things for the purpose of exchanging goods and services…Money was created many times in many places. Its development required no technological breakthroughs – it was a purely mental revolution. It involved the creation of a new inter-subjective reality that exists solely in people’s shared imagination.’

If you are interested to learn more about the history of money, we suggest Yuval Noah Harari’s thought-provoking compilation named Money or this insightful article in the German WirtschaftsWoche (in German only) on credit.

It is impossible for us to not create projections

Today we know from brain research that what we experience as reality is an internal creation or, in other words, a projection of our consciousness.

Our mind is incapable of recognizing anything that happens without naming it in the same breath. The moment of perceiving reality cannot be separated from the moment of interpretation, or, in other words, the moment of creating reality. Even if we want it to seem that way, our brain is not a camera that records something. The performance of our brain is most comparable to the latest virtual reality glasses that you can put on your nose. Like a computer, our brain calculates a virtual reality in real time, which then appears on the screen of our glasses. There we usually see what seems logical and consistent to us based on previous experiences i.e. our reality.

Money is just another of our so-called ‘realities’. We do not deal in real matter; we deal in illusions, in projections. However, this fact is not trivial. Every projection has a practical consequence in terms of the experience it creates. For example, my experience with money seems to support my original definition of money, which gives me the feeling of having evidence that money is indeed what said it was in the first place. Money is not per se what I think it is or what you think it is. It becomes, or appears to become, what one says it is through projection. Projections are circular in nature – they trap us in a hall of mirrors.

Incidentally, the fact that we have projections is not problematic. Projections are a normal and indispensable phenomenon of being human. Projections are our method of wresting meaning from meaningless events and sensory impressions. We cannot not create projections. Moreover, when applied consciously, the process of projection is precisely how we manifest our visions and intentions. When we project consciously, our projections become a tool and facility for our use.

However, when we are not conscious of our projections, which is in many instances the case, things appear to be happening to us as though being caused by external reality or nature, whereas we are actually causing them ourselves, without being conscious of this. This puts us in a state of conviction of a reality beyond question, which is an illusion. We have the feeling of being used by or being enslaved by money.

Not only can we then succumb to our personal illusions, but the more other people share these illusions with us, the more real they seem. It’s a true case of the emperor’s new clothes. In terms of money we will say something like, “Money makes the world go around”, unaware that it’s we who make this world go around, maybe in ways that we don’t particularly like or agree with, and think someone else or something else, like money, is the cause.

Basically, there are three different types of projections:

The First Type: Negative Projections

The first type is characterized by unconsciously projecting negative qualities or attributes onto money.

Someone with projections of this type might complete the sentence ‘money is…’ with statements such as ‘money stinks, money is dirty, money means responsibility’.

People with these types of projections onto money suffer from the illusion that they have to earn their existence with great effort: money either does not find its way to them from the beginning or it slips through their fingers.

On an unconscious level, people with what we shall call ‘negative projections’ try to avoid money or to get rid of it because they do not want all the negative attributes associated with money in their lives.

The theme that runs like a common thread through the lives of these people is financial hardship and the constant struggle for sufficient resources.

Through their unconscious negative relationship with money, money predictably flows out of their pockets into the pocket of people with the second type of projection.

The Second Type: Positive Projections

The second type is characterized by unconsciously projecting positive qualities or attributes onto money. For people with positive projections money means freedom, self-confidence, luxury, and power.

People with these projections suffer from the illusion that they must secure their existence. One could also say that they suffer from the illusion that they can secure their existence only by amassing more and more money.

Driven by the gnawing feeling that they can never have enough of the magical substance, all their actions are aimed at accumulating more money and then securing it.

The dark side of their projection is greed. This greed is triggered by the belief that there is something outside themselves and that only they can possess or be with money.

The Third Type: Mixed Projections

The third type of projections is a mixture of the first two types.

It is characterized by the fact that it alternately — or even simultaneously — projects negative and positive attributes onto money and is driven by them.

People of this type are usually able to make money — but they are not able to keep it with a sense of enjoyment.

As soon as it is there, it melts away before their eyes or they actively give it away. They oscillate helplessly between the two extremes of ‘longing to have’ and ‘not being permitted to have’. They are appalled by their own greed and feel neither comfortable or understood in the company of people with type one, nor in the company of people with type two projections.

Uncovering your Type

If money in principle has a hard time finding its way to you and you often fight for resources, you probably have unconscious negative projections (Type 1) onto money.

If you have money but are often worried about losing it or concerned about how to acquire more, you probably have unconscious positive projections (Type 2) onto money.

And if you earn money but somehow never have any money, if you are often plagued by feelings of guilt and then voluntarily and involuntarily find ways to get rid of money as quickly as possible, then it is likely that you are wavering between the projections of both types, between disgust and greed (Type 3).

Another way to do a quick self-diagnosis, even if rather superficial, is to look at the state of your bank account. If you’re chronically in debt you may be Type 1. If you’re steadily saving but concerned about the future, you may be Type 2. If your bank account is usually around zero, you’re probably Type 3.

And if you are one of those rare individuals for whom money really doesn’t matter, who are just as happy to have money as to give money away, as to have no money as to get money — count yourself lucky and exceptional!

Money Projection: Experiment

Just in case you are still not convinced that money functions through projection — let’s do a quick experiment. Take two separate pieces of paper. Leave the first piece of paper empty. On the second piece of paper write: ‘I promise the owner of this paper 100 hours of my time’, then put your signature to it.

Now imagine if you were to give one of these notes to another person. Which of the two notes feels more valuable to you?

Presumably the note that says ‘100 hours of my time’ feels more valuable. This note contains a promise. A promise is a projection of an anticipated result in the future. The value of that note exists in your thoughts — and maybe in the thoughts of the person you are giving it to. But just because we can share projections, it still doesn’t become a law of nature!

Since we cannot escape our projections, our goal can only be to become aware of them and to deal with them more playfully.

Maybe you are thinking, ‘Pfff — easier said than done!’ In fact, our unconscious projections are so persistent because our attitude towards money is part of our identity — which is what we will explore in CU*money. If you would like to take a deep dive into your identity as revealed by your relationship with money, join us on the journey.

Resources

• Yuval Noah Harari, Money: Vintage Minis, 2018
• Watch the recording of a conversation with Peter Koenig about moneywork.

The Amish do not have autism or cancer like the rest of us.

Maybe science should study them.

Autism rate in Amish Country – Search Videos

The autism rate in the Amish community is approximately 1 in 271 children, which is lower than the national average of 1 in 166 2. 

This suggests that the prevalence of autism among Amish children appears to be lower than that of the general U.S. population2. However, some studies have indicated that the prevalence of autism in the Amish population is comparable to that in other populations3.

Exploration of Autism Prevalence in Amish Children

The Amish community, known for its traditional lifestyle and distinct cultural practices, has been the subject of numerous discussions concerning the health conditions prevalent among its members. One particularly intriguing topic is the prevalence of autism among Amish children. Various factors, including cultural beliefs, genetic influences, and vaccination practices, contribute to the community’s unique health profile. This article delves into the complexities surrounding autism rates in Amish communities, dispelling myths and providing evidence-based insights from recent studies.

Autism and Health Concerns Among Amish Children

Is autism less prevalent among the Amish, and what health concerns are associated?

The prevalence of autism among Amish children appears to be lower than that of the general U.S. population, with estimates suggesting a rate of approximately 1 in 271  compared to the national average of 1 in 166. However, this lower prevalence may be influenced by cultural practices, including limited access to behavioral assessments and a reluctance to seek formal diagnoses. A physician who has treated numerous Amish children in Pennsylvania claims he has not encountered a case of autism among thousands of patients, highlighting how rare it can be perceived within the community.

Despite the lower autism rates, Amish children are not immune to other health concerns. Studies indicate that, while they experience lower incidences of conditions such as diabetes and asthma due to their physically active lifestyle, they are still affected by various health issues.

For instance, there are documented cases of breast cancer and juvenile leukemia within these communities. Interestingly, the same epidemiological studies have also suggested that rates of diabetes among Amish children can be comparable to surrounding non-Amish populations.

Moreover, vaccination remains a topic of significant discussion within the Amish community. Although about 14% of Amish parents choose not to vaccinate, the majority still receive vaccines. This is an essential aspect as it refutes the myth that Amish children are completely unvaccinated, with evidence demonstrating that vaccination rates, while lower than the general population, exist and do not correlate with a complete absence of health conditions.

The complex interplay between cultural beliefs, healthcare access, and genetic factors necessitates further investigation into the health dynamics of Amish communities, revealing a nuanced understanding of their well-being.

Vaccination and Autism: Understanding the Amish Context

Can vaccinations affect autism rates, and what is the situation among the Amish?

Research consistently demonstrates that there is no direct link between vaccinations and autism. Numerous studies find that both vaccinated and unvaccinated children show similar rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, a 2019 study focused on the MMR vaccine indicated no increased risk of autism in vaccinated children.

Within the Amish community, vaccination practices vary. While a survey found that about 14% of Amish parents choose not to vaccinate their children, this suggests that the majority do receive vaccinations, contradicting the belief that they largely avoid them. As such, it’s inaccurate to characterize them as an entirely unvaccinated population.

Despite some reports of lower autism prevalence in Amish communities, experts highlight that this may stem more from cultural attitudes towards diagnosis and healthcare access than from an actual absence of autism. For example, it is not uncommon for parents to prefer alternative health practices, which can lead to underreporting of autism cases.

In summary, while vaccination rates among the Amish may be lower than the general population, they are not negligible. Continuing efforts to foster trust and address vaccination concerns could further clarify these observations, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of autism across different communities.

Genetic Factors and Autism in Amish Populations

How do genetic factors contribute to autism in the Amish population?

Genetic factors significantly contribute to autism in the Amish population. The genetic homogeneity within these communities allows researchers to identify specific genetic variations linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.

One notable study involved genome sequencing of the Old Order Amish, revealing distinct genetic risks for mood disorders, which include bipolar disorder and depression. These conditions can have overlapping symptoms with autism, complicating the understanding of neurodevelopmental issues in these populations.

Screenings conducted in Amish children indicate that while the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is lower compared to the general population, this difference may be influenced by cultural practices. For example, some researchers have noted that cultural factors, such as preferences for alternative medical practices, can impact the likelihood and manner of diagnosing conditions like autism.

Research focusing on the CNTNAP2 gene has recently indicated a shift in understanding. Initially believed to be a significant risk factor for autism, recent findings suggest that rare mutations in just one copy of this gene do not substantially contribute to autism risk. Instead, it is the mutations in both copies that present a more pronounced risk.

This evolving understanding highlights the importance of considering both genetic and cultural influences while studying autism within the Amish populations, and encourages further research in this unique context.

Reassessing Recent Research on Autism in Amish Children

What does recent research say about autism in Amish children?

Recent studies have gathered substantial evidence regarding Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among Amish children. One significant study screened nearly 1,900 children in Holmes County, Ohio, and Elkhart-Lagrange County, Indiana, revealing a prevalence rate of approximately 1 in 271. Out of 25 children who screened positive for ASD, seven received an official diagnosis.

This data challenges common misconceptions about autism in the Amish community, particularly the belief that unvaccinated Amish children do not experience autism. Despite a lower incidence of reported autism, experts confirm that cases exist within the population. This discrepancy may stem from cultural practices regarding diagnosis and the availability of healthcare resources, which influence how caregivers report their children’s developmental behaviors.

Furthermore, research consistently debunks the myth linking vaccinations with autism. Studies indicate similar diagnosis rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated children, reaffirming that autism is not absent among the Amish merely due to their lower vaccination rates. Genetic investigations have also explored mutations in the CNTNAP2 gene, which have been connected to autism, emphasizing that while the community exhibits lower rates compared to the general population, cases still arise and merit investigation.

Cultural Influences on Health Outcomes in the Amish

How do Amish cultural beliefs influence health outcomes related to autism?

Amish cultural beliefs significantly influence health outcomes related to autism. Their preference for community-based healthcare and alternative medicine affects how conditions like autism are perceived and diagnosed. Autism does exist in Amish communities, with prevalence rates comparable to the general population. However, access to formal diagnoses is limited, often delaying early intervention.

The closed genetic pool of the Amish may contribute to certain genetic variations that can affect autism rates. Lifestyle choices and dietary practices prevalent in Amish communities also play a role in health outcomes.

Additionally, traditional values in Amish culture lead to a reluctance to embrace practices such as preventive genetic testing or modern medical interventions that conflict with their beliefs. This unique combination creates a distinctive health profile, impacting diagnosis, intervention, and the overall management of autism within the Amish population.

Considerations Regarding Healthcare Decisions

Amish healthcare decisions are shaped by both cultural beliefs and communal considerations. Most Amish families prefer solutions that prioritize their spiritual and traditional values. Vaccination rates, while lower than the general population, still reveal that only about 14% of Amish parents refuse vaccinations.

Such preferences illustrate the complex interplay between faith, tradition, and modern medical practices. The emphasis on home-based and community healthcare reflects a commitment to maintaining their cultural identity while navigating health concerns within their unique community context.

Separating Myths from Facts: The Reality of Autism in Amish Communities

Are the claims about zero autism rates in Amish communities accurate?

Claims suggesting that autism is ‘very, very rare’ among unvaccinated Amish children are unsubstantiated. Research indicates that some Amish communities do vaccinate their children. Autism is present within the Amish community, contradicting myths of its absence. Studies have consistently shown that autism affects the Amish population, although its prevalence may be lower due to cultural and diagnostic factors rather than any unique immunity.

The notion that unvaccinated children in the Amish community do not exhibit autism is contradicted by research. For instance, a study screening 1,899 Amish children found notable cases of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with 25 children screening positive and 7 receiving confirmed diagnoses.

Moreover, while there may be lower reported rates of autism within these communities, this does not mean the condition is absent. Cultural beliefs and access to healthcare significantly influence autism diagnosis rates in Amish populations, contributing to misconceptions about autism within these communities.

Conclusion

As we explore the nuanced relationship between the Amish community and the prevalence of autism, it becomes evident that Amish children are not exempt from this neurodevelopmental disorder. Cultural practices, genetic predispositions, and evolving vaccination trends all blend to shape the understanding of autism within these communities.

It is crucial to consider these various factors when interpreting health data and setting public health narratives. Observing traditional communities like the Amish offers unique insights into broader societal questions about how culture, genetics, and healthcare intersect, enforcing the necessity for further research and thoughtful healthcare interventions.

References

• No, Amish kids aren’t immune to cancer, diabetes and autism
• False Claim About Cause of Autism Highlighted in Pennsylvania …
• No evidence that Amish kids have ‘zero’ cancer, diabetes and autism
• Study downgrades autism gene’s effects to rare glitches
• [no title] — Beyond Pesticides
• Prevalence Rates of Autism Spectrum Disorders Among the Old …
• Do Amish Kids Get Autism? – ABATherapistJobs.com

Facts! No Rockefeller pseudo-science

Also…For the wages of sin is death Romans 6:23

Are you being bought and bribed?
“The case against science is straightforward: much of the scientific literature, perhaps half, may simply be untrue”. Dr. Marcia Angell, former editor in chief of NEJM wrote in 2009 that, “It is simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgment of trusted physicians or authoritative medical guidelines.

I take no pleasure in this conclusion, which I reached slowly and reluctantly over my two decades as an editor”
This has huge implications. Evidence based medicine is completely worthless if the evidence base is false or corrupted. It’s like building a wooden house knowing the wood is termite infested. What caused this sorry state of affairs?

Well, Dr. Arnold Relman, another former editor in chief of the NEJM said this in 2002 – Search

“The medical profession is being bought by the pharmaceutical industry, not only in terms of the practice of medicine, but also in terms of teaching and research. The academic institutions of this country are allowing themselves to be the paid agents of the pharmaceutical industry. I think it’s disgraceful”

The people in charge of the system — the editors of the most important medical journals in the world, gradually learn over a few decades that their life’s work is being slowly and steadily corrupted. Physicians and universities have allowed themselves to be bribed. The examples in medicine are everywhere. Research is almost always paid for by pharmaceutical companies.

But studies done by industry are well known to have positive results far more frequently. Trials run by industry are 70% more likely than government funded trials to show a positive result. Think about that for a second. If EBM says that 2+2 = 5 is correct 70% of the time, would you trust this sort of ‘science’?”

I am mocking science for how stupid it all is.

Those awesome CDC protocols killed millions during Covid…. Go science 

After all, why go through all the trouble of building gas chambers and rounding up people for mass extermination when you can achieve the same result without any resistance at all if you simply label the chemicals jabber goonies, Fluoride, GMO’s, em-R-in-A and Chemotherapy!

I think we already know. No alcohol, no dope, no TV, no Internet, good sleep, manual labor, and good food.
Their way of eating no vaccine etc blows up anything about how healthy vaccines are..

Very true though they certainly have a problem with pedophilia, rape, incest, and flat out child and animal abuse.

The women are treated terribly.
The crimes the Amish commit are well known here in Pennsylvania.
I respect their way of life in one way but loathe them in another if that makes sense.

Other tribes/settlements don’t have these things either.
There’s no $ to be made from the healthy.

That’s because the Amish don’t vaccinate their children.
I read that they plan to start forcing them or finding them. I don’t know the details or if it’s true.

Hmmm, study a large group that would potentially PROVE that everything you’ve been feeding the public is actually harming them….AND, you’ve been lying about it the entire time?? I wonder why they ignore this particular community…

Crazy ain’t it …. Do the Amish delay cord clamping?
Answer: probably, they do home births.

Autism / Early cord clamping
Just wondering why no one talks about early cord clamping ever?

Birth Injuries Related to Umbilical Cord Clamping:
“Autism”, cerebral palsy, anemia, hypovolemia, hypotension, ischemia, shock, shock lung, respiratory distress, oliguria, hypoglycemia, ischemic encephalopathy, mental retardation; neural, behavioral and developmental disorders.

*The “MOST IMPORTANT FINDING was that delayed cord clamping resulted in a 47% reduction of risk of infant anemia.”
Hutton EK, Hassan ES. Late vs Early Clamping of the Umbilical Cord in Full-term Neonates. JAMA, March 21, 2007—Vol 297, No. 11 1241-1252

[July 2008] The ethics of Cord clamping and stem cell collection by Hilary Butler Immediate cord clamping is the equivalent of removing one third of an adult’s total blood supply (10 pints), or three and one third pints. That is classified as a severe hemorrhage. But in babies, immediately cord clamping is worse than a hemorrhage. The blood in the cord and the placenta is what has “breathed” for the baby, as well as circulating food in, and wasting out.

The baby needs that full quota of blood for correct intracranial pressure, lower blood volume, and to decrease the risk of anaemia in later life. Furthermore, there are unanswered questions about whether depriving the baby of that “abundant” supply of the stem cells which Professor Williamson considers have such wonderful medicinal prospects when ‘harvested’, may contribute to the development of serious diseases later in life as a result.

……Immediate cord clamping should be called “unethical premature cord clamping”. Delayed cord clamping should be renamed “normal” or “appropriate cord clamping”. I’ve read about that.. Now I know why the drs I. These hospitals cut the cord pretty much instantly

Worse for babies and they get to sell the placentas for big bucks.

We’re considered aborted when it’s cut early. Then I believe we get our SS # which means we’re adopted by the government.

We should fire Science

The government has but they don’t want the public to know the truth

They live a good wholesome life. They keep away from TVs and keep science at a good distance especially the new brainwashing distorted science!

Just trust the cience !! 

Maybe an image of text that says ‘Restaurants are safe people.

See science below. Walking Sitting VIRUS VIRUS’

And maybe science should study the unvaxxed,
Who are NOT suddenly dying.

https://www.facebook.com/share/r/19oUCKBpSd/?mibextid=wwXIfr

They don’t eat store bought shit.

Do amish people get cancer – Search

 Amish people do get cancer, but they tend to have lower rates compared to the general population. Studies show that the overall cancer rate in Amish adults is 390 per 100,000, compared to 647 per 100,000 in the general population. However, it is important to note that there are cases of cancer among Amish children, contradicting claims that no Amish children are diagnosed with cancer.

The Columbus Dispatch+2

1. 10 Reasons Why the Amish People Don’t Get Cancer and Rarely Get Sick
   

The Amish people are associated with the notions of simplicity and convention. The community is synonymous with the unwillingness to conform to mainstream society.

You may believe their insular policy compromises their health. Get ready for a surprise because the Amish community is one of the healthiest around. A look at some facts and figures shows that illness is rare among Amish folk. Learn some of their best practices, and boost your health.

Who are the Amish People?
The Amish are a Swiss Anabaptist community with fundamental Christian beliefs. They have links with Mennonite churches but are distinct from them. They are descendants of a group of Alsatian Anabaptists led by Jakob Ammann.

The Amish speak a variety of West Central German known as “Pennsylvanian Dutch.” Groups of them flocked to Maryland, Illinois, Virginia, North Carolina, and New York from Switzerland in the 19th century.

What makes them stand out is their philosophy of simple living. You can tell an Amish person from their every day, fuss-free garb. The men wear pants with buttons. Women wear long skirts and white headdresses.

The Amish Philosophy
The Amish community bases its regulations on a set of strict rules they call the Ordnung, A literal interpretation of the Bible is a premise for their beliefs.

Ther community values humility, and it extols the need to be patient with others. Yielding to others is a hallmark of maturity. They place community needs above their own, and keep work and play within the Amish sphere of influence.

Individualism and pride threaten community harmony; the Amish adopt a culture of sharing and a minimalist lifestyle.

Perhaps the most important hallmark of Amish culture is its resistance to modern cultural influences. You will not find telephones or microwaves in an Amish household. The Amish people travel using physical means of transport, often going about on horses.

Notably, much older Amish folk refuse to visit doctors or hospitals, preferring to rely on traditional herbs and remedies when they fall ill.

The Top 10 Health Secrets of the Amish People
You may think that such a philosophy has adverse effects on their health. However, the Amish people seldom fall ill. Research has shown that Amish children have fewer incidences of allergies compared with the kids who grew up on European farms.

Their secrets to good health are straightforward and accessible, yet people of the secular, modern world rarely tap on them.

1. The Amish Shun Vaccines
For a start, they do not get vaccinated, despite pressure from the government. The absence of vaccines may explain why there are few people with disabilities or autism in the community.

2. The Amish Eat Organic Food
One important hallmark of Amish culture is farming. The community is self-sufficient and grows produce that is free of GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms). The toxins in GMO products cause inflammation. The Amish people are robust, thanks to their preference for natural foods. Amish people process foods, which are high in fat, sugar, and artificial ingredients. Because they avoid these harmful excesses, many of them have trim and fit figures.

3. The Amish Diet Consists of Many Healthy Fats
The Amish eat high-fat diets, but the fats they consume are healthy. They take in grass-fed dairy, packed with vitamins A, E, and K2. The incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease in this community is negligible.

4. The Amish are Physically Active People
The Amish community boasts a small, 3% obesity rate. Amish people take an average of 18000 steps a day. According to Professor David R Basset of the University of Tennessee, the Amish show people of the modern era how far they have fallen behind regarding physical activity.

5. The Amish Use Physical Forms of Transport
This community relies on physical forms of transportation. Many of them are expert horsemen and do not rely on tractors to do farm work. The exertion keeps them physically fit.

6. The Amish Have Little Stress

The Amish live stress-free lives. You will find few incidences of fatigue and heart disease within this community because it bases its existence on cooperation and harmony. Because they do not compete, their lives are relatively stress-free. Stress elevates cortisol, which triggers heart disease in the long-run.

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7. Emphasis on Calmness
What also helps to lower stress levels in this community is serenity. The Amish people focus on patience, tolerance and waiting for others. This mindset encourages calmness and pressure-free life.

20 Stress-Free Meditation Tips For Total Beginners

8. A tech-free Life Removes Health Hazards
The Amish community’s complete rejection of technology explains why many of its people are in perfect health. Radiation from television sets, computers, and mobile devices emit an odorless gas known as radon, which may trigger cancer in the long run. Their back-to-basics lifestyles prolong their lives.

9. More Exposure to Nature
As farmers, the Amish folk have constant contact with nature. They have immediate access to fields and other natural environments. Amish people have less exposure to smoke and other pollutants associated with urban living.

A study in the New England Journal of Medicine shows why a natural setting keeps the Amish healthy. Researchers compared Amish people with the Hutterites, another farming community which shares similar ancestry.

They found that Hutterites were more allergic than the Amish because they lived further away from their cowsheds and livestock.

10. Sense of Community
The Amish take care of themselves. Many of them devote themselves to caring for the elderly and other members of the community with chronic illnesses.

Though they may rely on natural remedies and avoid conventional health practices, many of them compromise and see doctors when there is an absolute need.

Leave the Amish alone! 

10 Foods Amish Farmers Make Better Than Anyone Else

What Is Hygiene Like for American Amish?

What makes the human brain unique? We compared it with monkeys and apes to find out

Story by Rogier Mars, Katherine Bryant

Scientists have long tried to understand the human brain by comparing it to other primates. Researchers are still trying to understand what makes our brain different from our closest relatives. Our recent study may have brought us one step closer by taking a new approach—comparing the way brains are internally connected.

The Victorian paleontologist Richard Owen incorrectly argued that the human brain was the only brain to contain a small area termed the Hippocampus minor. He claimed that made it unique in the animal kingdom and, he argued, the human brain was therefore clearly unrelated to other species. We’ve learned a lot since then about the organization and function of our brain, but there is still much to learn.

Most studies comparing the human brain to that of other species focus on size. This can be the size of the brain, size of the brain relative to the body, or the size of parts of the brain to the rest of it. However, measures of size don’t tell us anything about the internal organization of the brain.

For instance, although the enormous brain of an elephant contains three times as many neurons as the human brain, these are predominantly located in the cerebellum, not in the neocortex that is commonly associated with human cognitive abilities.

Until recently, studying the brain’s internal organization was painstaking work. The advent of medical imaging techniques, however, has opened up new possibilities to look inside the brains of animals quickly, in great detail, and without harming the animal.

We used publicly available MRI data of white matter, the fibers connecting parts of the brain’s cortex. Communication between brain cells runs along these fibers. This costs energy and the mammalian brain is therefore relatively sparsely connected, concentrating communications down a few central pathways.

The connections of each brain region tell us a lot about its functions.

The set of connections of any brain region is so specific that brain regions have a unique connectivity fingerprint. In our study, we compared these connectivity fingerprints across the human, chimpanzee, and macaque monkey brain. The chimpanzee is, together with the bonobo, our closest living relative.

The macaque monkey is the non-human primate best known to science. Comparing the human brain to both species meant we could not only assess which parts of our brain are unique to us, but also which parts are likely to be shared heritage with our non-human relatives.

  Related video: What If the Universe Is Conscious? (What If) – Search

Much of the previous research on human brain uniqueness has focused on the prefrontal cortex, a group of areas at the front of our brain linked to complex thought and decision-making. We indeed found that aspects of the prefrontal cortex had a connectivity fingerprint in the human that we couldn’t find in the other animals, particularly when we compared the human to the macaque monkey.

But the main differences we found were not in the prefrontal cortex. They were in the temporal lobe, a large part of the cortex located approximately behind the ear. In the primate brain, this area is devoted to deep processing of information from our two main senses: vision and hearing. One of the most dramatic findings was in the middle part of the temporal cortex.

The feature driving this distinction was the arcuate fasciculus, a white matter tract connecting the frontal and temporal cortex and traditionally associated with processing language in humans. Most if not all primates have an arcuate fasciculus, but it is much larger in human brains.

However, we found that focusing solely on language may be too narrow. The brain areas that are connected via the arcuate fasciculus are also involved in other cognitive functions, such as integrating sensory information and processing complex social behavior.

Our study was the first to find the arcuate fasciculus is involved in these functions.

This insight underscores the complexity of human brain evolution, suggesting that our advanced cognitive abilities arose not from a single change, as scientists thought, but through several, interrelated changes in brain connectivity.

While the middle temporal arcuate fasciculus is a key player in language processing, we also found differences between the species in a region more at the back of the temporal cortex. This temporoparietal junction area is critical in processing information about others, such as understanding others’ beliefs and intentions, a cornerstone of human social interaction.

In humans, this brain area has much more extensive connections to other parts of the brain processing complex visual information, such as facial expressions and behavioral cues. This suggests that our brain is wired to handle more intricate social processing than those of our primate relatives.

Our brain is wired up to be social.

These findings challenge the idea of a single evolutionary event driving the emergence of human intelligence. Instead, our study suggests brain evolution happened in steps. Our findings suggest changes in frontal cortex organization occurred in apes, followed by changes in temporal cortex in the lineage leading to humans.

Richard Owen was right about one thing. Our brains are different from those of other species—to an extent. We have a primate brain, but it’s wired up to make us even more social than other primates, allowing us to communicate through spoken language.

More information: Katherine L. Bryant et al, Connectivity profile and function of uniquely human cortical areas, The Journal of Neuroscience (2025). DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2017-24.2025

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Provided by The Conversation

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Womb Mates and Cancer: Nature, Nurture, or Something Else? 

Epigenetics are changing the way we look at cancer. And may help us beat it.

Is our cancer the result of nature or nurture?

Are we the victims of faulty DNA over which we have no control? Or of lifestyle and environmental factors that we can change? Or is there a third option?

Epigenetics is the study of that third option. This fairly new science covers the process by which nurture might affect nature. That is, diet and exercise might actually change the way our DNA influences our body. It’s a complex new field and scientists are even having trouble defining it.

One way of illustrating it is through the lives of twins.

According to the theory of nature’s influence, we are formed by the genes we are born with—twins separated at birth grow up to live eerily similar lives, sharing marital history, criminal pasts, even athletic ability and sicknesses. The theory of the influence of nurture, however, maintains that our environment shapes us—our economic status, parental involvement, exposure to specific risks, diet, exercise, and so on.

Epigenetics, however, demonstrates that environmental factors can actually influence our genes, changing our genetic processes to make us more or less susceptible to disease. Research published in PLOS Genetics on the influence of diet and exercise on the development of breast cancer demonstrates this epigenetic component.

Twins share the same DNA, which can make one more likely to have breast cancer if the other one is diagnosed with the disease.

Identical twins are formed from the same egg and begin in the womb with identical DNA; as the egg splits to become twins, the DNA likewise splits and does not necessarily divide equally, meaning that even identical twins do not have identical DNA. Fraternal twins develop from two different eggs and so they share DNA in the way all siblings do.

That’s the nature argument.

But not all twins share cancer—or any disease. It is common for one twin to get a serious illness that completely misses the other twin. This is the nurture argument—if twins share DNA but don’t share cancer, the environment has to have had some influence.

Twins alike but not alike: Amazon.com: Books

National Geographic’s January 2012 issue has a cover story on epigenetics and twins, with some compelling stories that show how unpredictable disease can be even for people with shared DNA. And that unpredictability is one of the motivators for the study of epigenetics.

As National Geographic writer Peter Miller describes it:

If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as keys—each key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are—then epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck, changing the tune being played.

One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts genes.

Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up. Other epigenetic changes appear to occur randomly—throwing a monkey wrench into the engine of nature versus nurture. Still other epigenetic processes are normal, such as those that guide embryonic cells as they become heart, brain, or liver cells, for example.

Epigenetic researcher Alejandro Burga and colleagues, writing in the journal Nature, looked at why the same genetic mutation might affect people differently, using information from the Center for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona Spain. Burga explains that identical cells do not exist:

In the last decade we have learned by studying very simple organisms such as bacteria that gene expression—the extent to which a gene is turned on or off —varies greatly among individuals, even in the absence of genetic and environmental variation. Two cells are not completely identical and sometimes these differences have their origin in random or stochastic processes.

So, while identical twins may appear identical, and while they are as genetically close as two humans can be, they remain individuals on the cellular level. One may be more cancer-prone than the other even without differences in the environment.

So, what is it: Nature? Nurture? Both? Neither?

It seems to be a complex mix of all of the above, with our cancers as unique as we are.

Improving our diet and exercise certainly have been shown in multiple studies to reduce our risk of breast cancer. But sometimes the environmental risks that make one twin more prone to illness are no more under their control than their DNA. The way the fetuses develop in the womb, for example, might improve one twin’s health while imperiling the other’s. And sometimes, that tiny variation in DNA between twins makes all the difference in susceptibility to cancer.

Epigenetics, while not answering the question of what causes cancer, is absolutely getting us closer.

SOURCE:  Twins and Cancer: Nature, Nurture, or Something Else? | Psychology Today

How One triplet gets cancer and the other two don’t!

• For another perspective on Epigenetics: Can Human DNA Help Guide Reforestation?

The difference in cancer risk among triplets can be influenced by a mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Here’s a breakdown:

1. Genetic Variations: Even identical triplets, who share nearly identical DNA, can have slight genetic differences due to mutations that occur after the initial cell division. Fraternal triplets, on the other hand, have different genetic makeups, which can lead to varying susceptibilities to cancer.
2. Epigenetics: This refers to changes in gene expression that don’t involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself. Environmental factors, such as diet, stress, or exposure to toxins, can influence epigenetic changes, potentially affecting cancer risk differently among triplets.
3. Environmental Exposures: If one triplet is exposed to a carcinogen (like tobacco smoke, radiation, or certain chemicals) more than the others, their risk of developing cancer could increase.
4. Random Chance: Sometimes, cancer can occur due to random mutations during cell division, which aren’t influenced by genetics or environment.
5. Shared vs. Individual Factors: While triplets may share many environmental and lifestyle factors, individual differences—like immune system responses or personal habits—can play a role.

It’s a fascinating and complex interplay of factors. If you’d like, I can dive deeper into any of these aspects!

The occurrence of cancer in one triplet while the others remain unaffected can be attributed to a mix of genetic, environmental, and random factors. Here’s a breakdown:

1. Genetic Variability: Even identical triplets can have slight genetic differences due to mutations that occur after the initial cell division. For fraternal triplets, the genetic differences are more pronounced, which can influence cancer susceptibility.
2. Epigenetics: Environmental factors or random events can lead to changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic changes can increase or decrease cancer risk and may differ among triplets.
3. Environmental Exposures: Lifestyle choices, diet, exposure to carcinogens, or even infections can vary among individuals, even within the same family, leading to different cancer risks.
4. Random Mutations: Sometimes, cancer arises from random mutations during cell division, which are not inherited or caused by external factors. This randomness can explain why one triplet might develop cancer while the others do not.
5. Immune System Differences: Variations in immune system function, even among siblings, can influence the body’s ability to detect and destroy cancer cells.

It’s a complex interplay of these factors, and often, no single cause can be pinpointed.

If you’re curious about a specific case or type of cancer, I can help dig deeper!

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

August 27, 2017 · Jackson on Vimeo

We reference time now by date of diagnosis (August 18, 2017), when Jackson got sick and after Jackson Stout was sick. That date forever changed our perspective and view on life. It’s short, but worth it when you’re surrounded by the ones you love.

On Friday, August 18th, Jackson was diagnosed with Precursor B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or what is often referred to as ALL. It started earlier that day with a visit to the Pediatrician, Dr. Megremis, due to his recurrent low grade fevers and leg pain. After the doctor’s visit, we were sent for blood tests at Peyton Manning Children’s hospital and an x-ray for his leg pain.

The x-ray showed nothing out of the ordinary, but we were going to hear the results of the blood test later that evening. In the meantime, Jax was still fighting a fever. We were planning on attending a pool party that evening with our church family in Indianapolis; Jax insisted that we all go – so we went. It was during that party that we received the devastating news.

The voice on the other line said that she was the On-Call Pediatrician.

She was unable to contact Dr. Megremis, but she needed to share the information before it was too late in the evening. She continued to share that Jackson’s blood test results were abnormal and we needed to get him to the ER immediately. From there came a long pause and all I could hear was sobbing.

The words she said next will change our family forever, “Jackson has Leukemia”.

My heart sank. Levy looked at me and immediately ran over. I told him the news. The doctor kept saying, “I’m sorry” through her tears. At that moment a whirlwind of commotion happened. Levy pulled Jax out of the pool and gathered the girls. I ran straight to our friend, Paula, and began bawling in her arms. Friends were helping us get the kids out of their bathing suits and into their clothes and gathering towels and all our belongings.

We paused and a group gathered and laid hands on Jackson. We prayed. A rush of calmness came over us. I remember thinking to myself, “We can do this”. In a moment’s decision, it was suggested we leave the girls with friends so that we can tend to Jackson. The girls were scared and so was Jax. They gave their brother a hug goodbye and we headed straight for the hospital. We called our family (near and far) on the way and they were able to meet us there, including our Pediatrician. I can say that Jackson’s condition only got worse that night.

Over the next 6 hours and into the early hours on Saturday morning, Jackson was poked for blood draws, which were often unsuccessful, and an IV was started, again after many unsuccessful attempts. We hated watching him go through this. Each of the many blood draw attempts had everyone in the room in tears, especially when Jackson was asking why we were doing this to him. The weekend was tough. He was in so much pain.

We could not even hold or comfort him or even hold his hand. The pain in his bones was becoming more unbearable. We had so many visitors that first weekend which I know helped our spirits. Each morning, he’d ask if people were going to come see him that day. Thanks to our “village”, they kept us sane and gave us a shoulder to cry on. They took care of the girls and kept us well fed. They supported us and jumped to action, even when we had a crazy request for personalized hospital gowns.

Monday morning came and we received an answered prayer. His procedure was scheduled to get his bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture to test his spinal fluid for Leukemia, and a PICC line to replace his IV. It was all a success. Later that evening, we started to see a glimpse of our sweet Jackson again. Tuesday was a great day. We played in the playroom and Jackson dominated in air hockey. It was also our official start to chemo! Each of these past days has brought on their own challenges. We are slowly learning our new “norm”. We want to be prepared for our return home soon.  Leukemia

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

February 7, 2018  · 

Last night was tough. We got to the ER and immediately started with accessing his port (without numbing cream) and a peripheral blood draw from his hand, which was unsuccessful thanks to inheriting his Dad’s veins. He did great and was brave through it all! He received more platelets and a blood transfusion overnight. His blood pressure fell and his mouth sores have gotten significantly worse, likely all through his GI tract.

We have a prescription mouthwash to help numb and coat his mouth allowing him to hopefully eat something. He hasn’t eaten since Monday, so he’s receiving fluids and morphine to help with the pain. We will be here until we can eat and drink on our own… likely through the weekend. Prayers appreciated for our little trooper #jacksonstroop #jaxstrong

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

December 7, 2018  · 

We are at the hospital today for IVIG Therapy. Jackson has had a runny nose for a couple weeks and just doesn’t have the antibodies to fight it off. This transfusion will give him the “good stuff” to replace what chemo has destroyed. So we are here, watching Paw Patrol and fulfilling all his requests for bacon #jaxstrong#jacksonstroop

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

December 27, 2018  · 

“A person standing alone can be attacked and defeated, but two can stand back-to-back and conquer. Three are even better, for a triple-braided cord is not easily broken.” Ecclesiastes 4:12

.The girls were able to join Jackson for his chemo treatment on Christmas Eve – Lumbar Puncture with anesthesia. They stood by him in the “nap room” as he was being put under and were by his side when he woke. He even asked for them as soon as he woke up, laughing and smiling! These three truly have an unbreakable bond. #jacksonstroop#jaxstrong#wombmatesforlife

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

January 21, 2019  · 

Another Chemo Day! All went smooth except that Jackson’s ANC came back that he’s neutropenic (basically his immune system is very low). So we are doing the best to stay germ free and out of the hospital! His sisters were by his side today and clearly Jax loves them dearly #jaxstrong#jacksonstroop

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

February 18, 2019  · 

Today was pretty rough. Jackson woke with a fever, nausea and vomiting accompanied with aches and pains. He is being treated for a virus and tested for the flu. While at the clinic he received his regularly scheduled chemo, lots of fluids and antibiotics. He is also on Tamiflu until we receive the results of the cultures. After many hours at Peyton Manning’s we were home and he was able to eat something and play with Legos! His sisters were there the whole time and did a great job taking care of him. Prayers are appreciated that he doesn’t regress and we stay out of the ER tonight! #jaxstrong#jacksonstroop

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

March 4, 2019  · 

At the hospital with Jackson. He woke up screaming in pain with what we think is a very swollen lymph node. It’s causing major swelling in his neck. He had a negative strep test earlier today, so hoping to get his pain under control and figure out what’s causing the swelling. While we are here, we’ve got a whole library of movies to keep us happy and in good spirits!

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

March 5, 2019  · 

The CT scan showed inflammation of his salivary gland that goes down the left side and in front of his neck. We have a whole team (hospitalists, Oncology, ENT and Infectious Diseases) working on a game plan for Jax – we know he’s in great hands! We will be here for a couple of days as he’s also severely neutropenic. He’ll also receive IVIG therapy to help get his counts back up! We appreciate your thoughts, prayers and messages. Jackson even got a special video message from his classmates!

#jacksonstroop#jaxstrong

Jackson’s Troop – Our Journey Through Childhood Leukemia

November 16, 2020  · 

The very last part of our Leukemia journey! Jackson is having his port removed. It’s been a long road, but Jackson has officially BEAT CANCER Prayers work and God is good!

For A Detailed Timeline of Jackson Stout’s Cancer Journey:  https://www.facebook.com/JacksonsTroop/

Thank you to all who have been apart of this journey and loving us along the way

College football team cheers honorary 6-year-old teammate at Zionsville youth game – Indianapolis News | WISH-TV |

RELATED STORY: Doctors Find A Tumor In A Triplet’s Eye. Days Later, They Uncover The Truth About His 2 Brothers

Twins Study Offers Clues to Genetic Risk of Cancer | Live Science

Twin study estimates familial risks of 23 different cancers | ScienceDaily

A fit and healthy mum who thought little of her ‘strange’ symptoms has been given just 12 months to live – leaving her devastated at the thought of not being there for her daughters

The doctor immediately sent her for tests, including a colonoscopy.

When she woke up from the procedure, she was given the devastating news that doctors had found a tumour in her lower bowel.

‘They brought my husband in and told me they were 99 per cent sure it was malignant… that’s when everything changed.’

• Liza Mann, from Western Australia, has incurable bowel cancer
• She hopes young people realise they are more at risk of the disease than ever 
• You can donate to her fundraiser here 
• READ MORE: Busy single mum ignored symptom that led to cancer diagnosis

A fit and healthy mum who was suddenly struck with a series of ‘odd’ symptoms has been given just 12 months to live – leaving her devastated at the thought of missing her young daughters grow up.

Liza Mann, from Kununurra in Western Australia, was diagnosed with bowel cancer at just 36 years of age in 2018.

She is one of thousands of young people being struck down with the disease, with the risk of diagnosis before the age of 40 more than doubling since the year 2000.

Liza was in the best shape of her life and going to the gym regularly when she started noticing blood in her stools and some light bloating.

At first, she brushed it off.

‘I just thought it might have been haemorrhoids or something like that – I didn’t think too much about it,’ Liza told FEMAIL.

But when the bleeding worsened over six weeks, her mum urged her to see a doctor.

‘Thank goodness I had a GP that listened to me,’ she said.

Liza was blindsided by the diagnosis.

‘I was 36. I’ve always been fit and healthy. And this is the thing – everyone seems to think that bowel cancer is an old man’s disease, but it’s not. So many young people are getting diagnosed now. It’s crazy,’ she said.

Despite undergoing surgery to remove the tumour and chemotherapy to ‘mop up’ lingering cancer cells, the disease wasn’t done with her.

‘There was no evidence of disease for 11 months,’ she recalled.

‘And then, on my birthday in 2020, they found it had spread into my lungs. And now it’s incurable.’

She was told she had metastatic bowel cancer – meaning it had spread beyond the bowel and could no longer be cured

.

Liza Mann, from Kununurra in Western Australia, was diagnosed with bowel cancer when she was 36

‘It’s just terminal. Incurable,’ she said.

‘So then it was just a case of chemotherapy for the rest of my life.’

Liza said she knows all too well how easily bowel cancer can be dismissed in young people.

Just a year after her own diagnosis, a close friend – only 33 at the time – began experiencing similar symptoms.

‘She saw two doctors who just brushed her off,’ Liza recalled.

‘They told her she was too young, said it was just IBS.’

But Liza, who had already been through it herself, urged her friend to push for a colonoscopy.

‘I told her, “You need to demand it, these symptoms don’t seem right”,’ she recalled.

Liza was in the best shape of her life, going to the gym regularly, when she started noticing blood in her stool and some bloating

By the time doctors finally took her concerns seriously, the cancer had already spread to her liver.

‘It was too late,’ Liza said.

‘She only lived for about 12 months.’

Now, as she faces her own terminal diagnosis, Liza is determined to raise awareness, hoping no one else has to suffer the same fate. 

For years, Liza defied the odds, undergoing treatment while still working, volunteering, and raising her two daughters, Alexis, now 11, and Sienna, 9.

She and her husband, Jarrod, a police officer, moved to Kununurra to give their girls an adventurous childhood.

‘We wanted to bring them up regionally – there are lakes, great bushwalks, camping, and fishing. It’s been a great place for them to grow up,’ she said.

But in November 2023, Liza was given the news no mother wants to hear.

Despite undergoing surgery to remove the tumour and chemotherapy to ‘mop up’ lingering cancer cells, the disease wasn’t done with her

‘They kind of gave me 12 months to live,’ she admitted.

It was a heartbreaking reality for Liza, whose biggest fear isn’t dying – it’s leaving her daughters behind.

‘How do you explain that to them? You try to be honest, but you don’t want them to stress out. They ask, “Mum, are you going to die?” and I just don’t know how to answer,’ she said.

Her biggest priority now is making memories with them.

‘My husband and I have always tried to create great memories for the girls. It’s never been about work for us – it’s been about lifestyle,’ she said.

Despite her deteriorating health, she recently took her daughters to the Philippines to see where their grandmother was from, followed by a trip to Universal Studios in Singapore.

‘We just want them to have these memories, you know?’ she said, her voice breaking.

Liza credits her resilience to her active lifestyle.

Despite her deteriorating health, she recently took her daughters to the Philippines to see where their grandmother was from, followed by a trip to Universal Studios in Singapore

‘Before I was diagnosed, I was doing CrossFit. I was at one of the fittest points in my life,’ she said.

Even after surgery, radiation, and years of chemotherapy, she stayed as active as possible.

‘My doctor told me the other week, “If it was anyone else, I don’t think they’d still be around”,’ she said.

Although she can no longer lift heavy weights, she still does Pilates, light workouts, and daily walks.

‘It’s good for your soul, good for your mental health. And I think it’s prolonged my life,’ she said.

Liza recently made the difficult decision to move back to Perth to be closer to medical care and her family.

‘I’ve been flying to Perth every three and a half weeks since 2020 for chemotherapy,’ she explained.

‘But my kids were getting over me being away all the time.’

Liza recently made the difficult decision to move back to Perth to be closer to medical care and her family

Now, as she faces the reality of her prognosis, she’s leaning on her loved ones for support.

‘My friends and family have been incredible. When I was first diagnosed, my friends did a meal train so I wouldn’t have to cook,’ she said.

‘My husband would grumble about some of the meals, and I’d say, “just be thankful, Jarrod!”.’

Her colleagues in Kununurra also became a second family.

‘When you work somewhere so remote, you become close.

‘I kind of became a mother hen to the younger ones – I’d cook them meals, make sure they weren’t just eating takeout all the time.’

Now, they’re returning the favour, stepping in to help Jarrod with school pick-ups and caring for the girls when Liza is too unwell.

But no amount of support can ease the pain of knowing she might not see her daughters grow up.

‘You put on a front for them – you have to be positive. But sometimes, it’s really hard.’

Early on-set bowel cancer is a serious problem in Australia, with the disease now the deadliest cancer for those aged 25-44.

Over the past three decades there has been a 266 per cent increase in bowel cancer incidence rates in adolescents and young adults (15-24 years) and people born in 1990 onwards have double the risk of colon cancer and quadruple the risk of rectal cancer compared to those born in 1950.

Bowel Cancer Australia regularly receives feedback from younger people diagnosed with early-onset bowel cancer who have initially had their signs and symptoms attributed to haemorrhoids, food intolerances or a result of living a hectic lifestyle. 

1,708 people under the age of 50 are diagnosed with bowel cancer Down Under each year. 

Of those, 50.4 per cent are women and 86 per cent experienced symptoms. 

While BCA recognises that lowering the screening guidelines may be one step forward for people aged 40 and older, it doesn’t address the rising rates of early-onset bowel cancer as a whole.

As a result, It is crucial for younger people and GPs to have a high suspicion of red flag signs and symptoms and to work together to ensure prompt investigations to rule out the disease.

Liza is sharing her story to spread awareness about early-onset bowel cancer in Australia. She has raised over $15,000 for the cause.

Read more: Liza’s bowel cancer battle | Icon Cancer Centre

Farrah’s Story (2009) | Watch Free Documentaries Online

“Farrah’s Story” chronicles Farrah Fawcett’s two and a half year battle with cancer. Shot with her own video camera, the intensely intimate and emotional footage served as Farrah’s video diary in which she not only shared her thoughts and feelings but also her treatments in the U.S. and the alternative therapies she sought in Germany.

NBC News’ “Dateline”, originally aired “Farrah’s Story” on May 15, 2009, drawing in 9 million viewers. The show went on to be rerun numerous times, including this May 23, 2009 MSNBC broadcast.

Farrah Fawcett: How my cancer ‘miracle’ cure has turned to heartbreak | Daily Mail Online

RELATED STORY: Farrah Fawcett Bowel Cancer Story – Search

Also:  Farrah Fawcett Bowel Cancer Germany Story – Search

NOTE: If you or a loved one is suffering from cancer or any other terminal illness, I’d advise skipping this documentary, which depicts cancer at its ugliest, as well as a woman who lived out the final years of her life in misery because of it. Instead, I’d suggest the lesser-seen and more-uplifting “Valerie’s Story.” 

 Valerie Harper’s Story (2013) : Meredith Vieira : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive  a 2013 documentary on actress Valerie Harper, who was diagnosed with a rare brain cancer and given merely months to live — but she persevered with optimism and dignity for another six years. Farrah’s story is severely depressing.

A World Where No One Dies: What Would Change? | Watch

“An epic exploration of possibilities. What If is a Webby Award-winning science web series that takes you on a journey through hypothetical worlds and possibilities, some in distant corners of the universe, others right here on Earth.” 

Dying mum whose terminal cancer was hidden by her pregnancy hugged by Eamonn Holmes after breaking down in tears – The Mirror

Expert reaction to study on the association between dietary patterns in women and bowel cancer risk | Science Media Centre

Vanessa was diagnosed with bowel cancer at 28. She wants you to know it’s not just an old person disease – ABC News

‘We were very happy that we caught it as early as we did’ says bowel cancer survivor – The Jewish Chronicle

Bowel cancer rates rising in younger adults around the world – Cancer Research UK – Cancer News

Inspiring Cancer Patient Journeys from Simms/Mann Center for Integrative Oncology UCLA Health

All you need to know about bowel cancer after Deborah James’ plea to ‘check poo’ | The Standard

Mayo Clinic Q and A: Reducing your risk of colon cancer recurrence – Mayo Clinic News Network

Bowel cancer is on the rise. Here’s how immunotherapy drugs could help | PBS News Weekend

Kiwi bodybuilder Lisa Maxwell’s comeback after heart attack and cancer diagnosis – NZ Herald

Bowel cancer breakthrough as combined drugs found to shrink tumours | The Independent

Having a glass of milk a day ‘cuts risk of bowel cancer by almost a fifth’ | The Independent

Mum’s tireless cancer fight is for her daughters: ‘They are the reason’ – 9Honey

What does colon cancer pain feel like? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

Experiences of younger people with bowel cancer | Bowel Cancer UK

PressReader.com – Digital Newspaper & Magazine Subscriptions

Bowel cancer survivor says home screening kit saved his life

Symptoms of metastatic bowel cancer | Cancer Research UK

Lisa (@bowelcancerandme) • Instagram photos and videos

Grades and types of bowel cancer | Cancer Research UK

Risks and causes of bowel cancer | Cancer Research UK

Is Colon Cancer curable? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

What Happens When You’re Dying From Colon Cancer

Glass of milk a day cuts bowel cancer risk – study

Eating and bowel cancer | Cancer Research UK

Colon Cancer Symptoms in Women to Watch for

Dealing with bowel cancer RIP Lisa Bracken

Colon Cancer and Poop: Signs to Look For

Bowel Cancer link with Diet & Eating Well

A journalist’s guide | Bowel Cancer UK

My Pregnancy Hid My Terminal Bowel Cancer | This Morning

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